Table 2. Smoking cessation outcomes.
| Outcome | NRT group (n = 10) | END group (n = 20) | Relative risk (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of surgery | ||||
| Smoking cessation (verifieda) | 2 (20%) | 3 (15%) | 0.75 (0.15–3.79) | 1.0 |
| Smoking cessation (self-report) | 3 (30%) | 4 (20%) | 0.67 (0.18–2.42) | 0.66 |
| Smoking reduction (including cessation)b | 7 (70%) | 13 (65%) | 0.93 (0.55–1.56) | 1.0 |
| 30-days postoperatively | ||||
| Smoking cessation (self-report) | 3 (30%) | 5 (25%) | 0.83 (0.25–2.80) | 1.0 |
| Smoking reduction (including cessation)b | 5 (50%) | 9 (45%) | 0.90 (0.41–1.98) | 1.0 |
| 8-weeks after randomization | ||||
| Smoking cessation (verifieda) | 0 (0%) | 3 (15%) | RR = undefinedc | 0.53 |
| Smoking cessation (self-report) | 1 (10%) | 5 (25%) | 2.5 (0.34–18.6) | 0.63 |
| Smoking reduction (including cessation)b | 4 (40%) | 14 (70%) | 1.75 (0.78–3.94) | 0.14 |
| 6-month follow-up | ||||
| Smoking cessation (self-report) | 1 (10%) | 5 (25%) | 2.5 (0.34–18.6) | 0.63 |
| Smoking reduction (including cessation)b | 5 (50%) | 6 (30%) | 0.62 (0.31–1.24) | 0.43 |
Notes.
Values are n (percentage). p-values from Fisher’s exact test. Relative risks were END versus NRT.
- NRT
- nicotine replacement therapy
- END
- electronic nicotine delivery (e-cigarette)
Cessation on the day of surgery was determined based on 48-hour point prevalence abstinence. Cessation at all other time points was determined by 7-day point-prevalence abstinence. Smoking reduction includes those that quit.
a
Smoking cessation verified by exhaled carbon monoxide 10ppm or less.
b
Smoking reduction is defined by reduction of 50% or more cigarettes per day compared to baseline, including smoking cessation. Analysis by intention-to-treat—those lost to follow-up were assumed to have continued smoking.
c
Relative risk undefined due to no quitters in the NRT group, risk difference = 15% (95% CI [−6.5%-+ 30.6%]).