Table 2.
Distribution of covariates by exposure
| Baseline Covariates | DPP4 inhibitor | Sulfonylurea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 25,849 | n = 88,312 | |||
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| Age | 56 | (11.0) | 54 | (12.6) |
| Count | (%) | Count | (%) | |
| Gender (F) | 12,185 | (47.1) | 40,510 | (45.9) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1,419 | (5.5) | 4,053 | (4.6) |
| Hypoglycemia | 757 | (2.9) | 2,435 | (2.8) |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | 935 | (3.6) | 2,300 | (2.6) |
| Diabetic Neuropathy | 1,594 | (6.2) | 4,401 | (5.0) |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | 1,025 | (4.0) | 2,726 | (3.1) |
| Diabetic Peripheral Circulatory Disorder | 510 | (2.0) | 1,497 | (1.7) |
| Erectile Dysfunction | 689 | (2.7) | 2,098 | (2.4) |
| Skin Infections | 341 | (1.3) | 1,199 | (1.4) |
| Diabetic Unspecified Complications | 842 | (3.3) | 2,514 | (2.8) |
| Alphaglucosidase | 104 | (0.4) | 198 | (0.2) |
| Glitazones | 8,188 | (31.7) | 16,184 | (18.3) |
| GLP1RA | 1,326 | (5.1) | 3,097 | (3.5) |
| Insulin | 2,844 | (11.0) | 6,079 | (6.9) |
| Meglitinides | 945 | (3.7) | 934 | (1.1) |
| Metformin | 13,662 | (52.9) | 47,816 | (54.1) |
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| Number of ambulatory visits | 8.5 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 9.4 |
| Number of emergency department visits | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Number of inpatient visits | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Number of institutional stays | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
| Number of outpatient visits | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
| Number of classes of medication | 7.4 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 4.2 |
| Number of generic medications | 8.4 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 4.5 |
| Number of dispensations | 20.1 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 14.0 |
Age defined at the index date, all other characteristics defined using data within the 183 days prior to the index date. SD indicates standard deviation.