Table 2.
Adjusted association of carotid artery measures with time to death due to any cause, HIV-positive and HIV-negative combined.
| WIHS women (N=1,722) | MACS men (N=1,304) | WIHS and MACS (N=3,026) | P for interaction by cohort | P for interaction by HIV serostatus | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| Carotid artery measures in separate models | ||||||||
| Plaque (ref. = no plaque) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) | 0.75 | 2.19 (1.41–3.43) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.10–1.88) | 0.007 | 0.008 | <0.001 |
| CCA-IMT (ref. = Quartile 1) | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.03 (0.66–1.61) | 0.90 | 1.08 (0.58–1.99) | 0.81 | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 0.72 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.06 (0.67–1.66) | 0.81 | 0.71 (0.37–1.35) | 0.29 | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 0.70 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) | 0.10 | 0.79 (0.42–1.49) | 0.47 | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 0.08* | ||
| Young’s modulus (ref. = Quartile 1) | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 0.98 (0.64–1.48) | 0.92 | 0.76 (0.41–1.39) | 0.37 | 0.93 (0.67–1.31) | 0.70 | 0.99 | 0.27 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.09 (0.71–1.67) | 0.68 | 0.64 (0.34–1.17) | 0.15 | 0.97 (0.68–1.36) | 0.84 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 1.71 (1.11–2.61) | 0.01** | 1.08 (0.61–1.89) | 0.79 | 1.43 (1.02–2.01) | 0.04* | ||
| Carotid artery measures in the same model | ||||||||
| Plaque (ref. = no plaque) | 1.20 (0.83–1.73) | 0.32 | 2.26 (1.44–3.54) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.18–2.01) | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| CCA-IMT (ref. = Quartile 1) | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.10 (0.71–1.72) | 0.67 | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 0.82 | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.22 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | 0.63 | 0.66 (0.34–1.27) | 0.21 | 0.94 (0.66–1.36) | 0.76 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 0.71 (0.43–1.18) | 0.19 | 0.70 (0.36–1.36) | 0.29 | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 0.11* | ||
| Young’s modulus (ref. = Quartile 1) | ||||||||
| Quartile 2 | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) | 0.88 | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | 0.45 | 0.91 (0.64–1.28) | 0.58 | 0.89 | 0.23 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.10 (0.72–1.68) | 0.61 | 0.62 (0.33–1.16) | 0.13 | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) | 0.68 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 1.63 (1.06–2.51) | 0.02* | 1.00 (0.55–1.81) | 0.99 | 1.32 (0.94–1.87) | 0.11 | ||
All models adjusted for HIV serostatus, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, study site, history of injection drug use, crack/cocaine use, smoking, alcohol, hepatitis C virus infection, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, use of anti-hypertensive or cholesterol medications, diabetes, baseline CD4 T-cell count, antiretroviral therapy use, and history of AIDS.
CCA-IMT = common carotid artery intima-media thickness, CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio, MACS = Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, WIHS = Women’s Interagency HIV Study.
p<0.05 for trend,
p<0.01 for trend.