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. 2016 Apr 5;13(2):171–181. doi: 10.1007/s13770-015-0046-y

Comparative study of BMP-2 alone and combined with VEGF carried by hydrogel for maxillary alveolar bone regeneration

Sook Kyoung Kim 1, Tae Hyung Cho 2, Jeong Joon Han 2, In Sook Kim 3, Yongdoo Park 1, Soon Jung Hwang 2,3,✉
PMCID: PMC6170851  PMID: 30603397

Abstract

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone regeneration is still controversial as to whether or not VEGF has a synergistic or additive effect. This study attempted to evaluate the synergistic effect of VEGF and BMP-2 compared to BMP-2 alone for maxillary alveolar bone regeneration using collagen sponge/hydrogel complex sheets in a canine model. After mixing BMP-2 and VEGF with a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel (HAH), the collagen sponge/hydrogel complex was transplanted into maxillary alveolar bone defects (n=14) after the extraction of canine upper first molars on both sides. Bone regeneration was evaluated in three groups (control group without growth factors, experimental groups I and II with BMP-2 alone and BMP-2 and VEGF, respectively) using micro-computed tomography and histological staining. The total amount of new bone formations and bone mineral density were significantly higher in the group with BMP-2 only and the group with BMP-2 combined with VEGF than it in the control group. The area with positive staining of von Willebrand factor bone defect was significantly greater in the group with BMP-2 only and with dual growth factors than the control. BMP-2 released from the HAH promoted new bone formation. However, the combination of BMP-2 and VEGF did not show a synergistic or additive effect on bone regeneration at canine maxillary alveolar bone defects.

Key Words: Maxillary alveolar bone defect, Bone regeneration, Bone morphogenetic protein-2, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Synergistic effect

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