Table 9:

National and international guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease

Organization	Recommendations
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care98	Recommend measuring height and weight and calculating BMI at appropriate primary care visits.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension guideline67	Lowered the definition of hypertension to 130/80 mm Hg. Target blood pressure for all groups is now < 130/80 mm Hg.
European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology67	Base diagnosis of hypertension on out-of-office BP measures ambulatory BPM and home BPM if possible, or repeated office measures. Treatment threshold for very high CV risk now 130/85 mm Hg. BP treatment recommended for BP 140/90 mm Hg and higher in low-risk patients if no response to lifestyle intervention. Target BP < 140/90 mm Hg in all patients, < 120 mm Hg systolic if younger than 65 years, target systolic 130–139 mm Hg if 65 years or older.102
American Diabetes Association and European Association of the Study of Diabetes99	Recommend in addition to metformin, adding the newer antihyperglycemic agents, including DPP4 inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 RA, and all groups recommend an A1c < 7.0 for most patients.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Lipid guideline100	Did not recommend a specific target but did advocate more intensive therapy or combination for those who did achieve a good response to statins (i.e., > 50% reduction).
European Society of Cardiology101	Treat-to-target approach for lipid management, targeting an LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L for very high-risk patients.

Note: A_1C = glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, BPM = blood pressure monitoring, CV = cardiovascular, DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, LDL-C = low-density liproprotein cholesterol, SGLT2 = sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.