Nicotine intake measured by CPD (A), TNE (B), and smoking intensity estimated by TNE/CPD (C) during pregnancy and in postpartum.
Individual longitudinal data are presented, in addition to mean ± SD. Statistical testing was done on all n=47 subjects at all three stages, but one outlier from early pregnancy and two from postpartum were removed from the illustrations in A and B, respectively. P-values are for between-stage comparisons and are derived from repeated measures general linear modelling (Bonferroni correction).