In vivo experimental study design: Cocktail of different size nanoparticles were intravenously injected (A) immediately after mild closed-head injury (mCHI), (B) immediately after the fifth impact of a repetitive mild RmCHI, and (C) immediately, 2 h and 5 h after midline fluid percussion injury (FPI). Animals were euthanized one hour after NP injection. The positive control permeability marker, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was injected intravenously, 10 min before brain collection.