Correction to: Infection 10.1007/s15010-018-1183-8
The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.
The Tables 1–3 were missing. The correct versions of Tables 1, 2 and 3 are given below.
Table 1.
Combined Recommendations and Considerations from the Working Group (WG) 1 and 2
|
Study Design
(WG-1) |
1. Survival follow-up should reasonably reflect the clinical time course of the sepsis model | R |
| 2. Therapeutic interventions should be initiated after the septic insult replicating clinical care | ||
| 3. We recommend that the treatment be randomized and blinded when feasible | ||
| 4. Provide as much information as possible (e.g. ARRIVE guidelines) on the model and methodology, to enable replication. | ||
| a. Consider replication of the findings in models that include co-morbidity and/or other biological variables (i.e., age, gender, diabetes, cancer, immuno-suppression, genetic background and others). | C | |
| b. In addition to rodents (mice and rats), consider modeling sepsis also in other (mammal) species. | ||
| c. Consider need for source control | ||
|
Humane Modeling
(WG-2) |
5. The development and validation of standardized criteria to monitor the well-being of septic animals is recommended | R |
| 6. The development and validation of standardized criteria for euthanasia of septic animals is recommended (exceptions possible) | ||
| 7. Analgesics recommended for surgical sepsis consistent with ethical considerations | ||
| d. Consider analgesics for nonsurgical sepsis | C |
R: Recommendation strength; C: consideration strength
Table 2.
Combined Recommendations and Considerations from the Working Group (WG) 3 and 4
|
Infection Types
(WG-3) |
8. We recommend that challenge with LPS is not an appropriate model for replicating human sepsis | R |
| 9. We recommend that microorganisms used in animal models preferentially replicate those commonly found in human sepsis | ||
| e. Consider modeling sepsis syndromes that are initiated at sites other than the peritoneal cavity (e.g. lung, urinary tract, brain) | C | |
|
Organ Failure/ Dysfunction
(WG-4) |
10. Organ/system dysfunction is defined as life threatening deviation from normal for that organ/system based on objective evidence | R |
| 11. Not all activities in an individual organ/system need to be abnormal for organ dysfunction to be present | ||
| 12. To define objective evidence of the severity of organ/system dysfunction, a scoring system should be developed, validated and used, or use an existing scoring system. | ||
|
13. Not all experiments must measure all parameters of organ dysfunction but animal models should be fully exploited | ||
| f. Avoid hypoglycemia | C |
R: Recommendation strength; C: consideration strength
Table 3.
Combined Recommendations and Considerations from the Working Group (WG) 5 and 6
|
Fluid Resuscitation
(WG-5) |
14. Fluid resuscitation is essential unless part of the study | R |
| 15. Administer fluid resuscitation based on the specific requirements of the model | ||
| 16. Consider the specific sepsis model for the timing of the start and continuation for fluid resuscitation | ||
| 17. Resuscitation is recommended by the application of iso-osmolar crystalloid solutions | ||
| g. Consider using pre-defined endpoints for fluid resuscitation as deemed necessary | C | |
| h. Avoid fluid overload | ||
|
Anti-microbial Therapy
(WG-6) |
18. Antimicrobials are recommended for pre-clinical studies assessing potential human therapeutics | R |
| 19. Antimicrobials should be chosen based on the model and likely/known pathogen | ||
| 20. Administration of antimicrobials should mimic clinical practice | ||
| i. Antimicrobials should be initiated after sepsis is established | C |
R: Recommendation strength; C: consideration strength
Bettina Standhartinger was unfortunately not correctly named in the acknowledgments of the original version of this article. The correct acknowledgements are as follows:
The authors would like to thank Bettina Standhartinger for her valuable assistance in organizing the Wiggers–Bernard Conference.
The original article has been corrected.