Figure 1. Anti-cancer effects of carnosol.

(A) Chemical structure of carnosol. (B) Effect of carnosol on the viability of normal gastric cells. Cells were treated with carnosol for 48 h. (C) Effect of carnosol on gastric cancer cell growth. Cells were treated with carnosol at various concentrations and then incubated for 72 h. For (B and C), cell viability and growth were measured at an absorbance of 570 nm. (D) The effect of carnosol on anchorage-independent growth of gastric cancer cells. Cells were treated with carnosol and incubated for 2 weeks. Colonies were counted using a microscope and the Image-Pro PLUS (v.6) computer software program. All data are shown as means ± S.D. of triplicate values from 3 independent experiments and the asterisk (^*) indicates a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effect of carnosol.