Table 3.
Data on nutrition status and on daily nutritional intake.
| Cocoa group (n = 17) | Placebo group (n = 18) | p Baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | p | Baseline | Week 12 | p | ||
| Nutrition status | |||||||
| Body weight (kg) | 89.9 ± 7.0 | 89.4 ± 7.0 | ns c | 91.3 ± 4.6 | 91.3 ± 4.6 | ns c | ns a |
| BMI (kg/m²) # | 30.2 (26.5; 34.7) | 29.8 (26.3; 34.8) | ns c | 29.3 (26.0; 33.8) | 29.5 (26.0; 33.4) | ns c | ns a |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103.6 ± 4.8 | 102.3 ± 4.6 | 0.047 c | 103.4 ± 2.9 | 103.5 ± 2.9 | ns c | ns a |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 0.011 c | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 0.99 ± 0.02 | ns c | ns a |
| Fat mass (kg) | 34.7 ± 3.8 | 34.2 ± 3.7 | ns c | 33.5 ± 3.0 | 33.5 ± 3.1 | ns c | ns a |
| Fat mass (% BW) | 37.7 ± 1.8 | 37.4 ± 1.8 | ns c | 36.0 ± 1.9 | 36.0 ± 2.0 | ns c | ns a |
| Nutritional intake § | |||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2132 ± 227 | 2074 ± 153 | ns c | 1859 ± 128 | 2021 ± 149 | ns c | ns a |
| Protein (g) | 91 ± 11 | 85 ± 8 | ns c | 84 ± 6 | 89 ± 7 | ns c | ns a |
| Protein (g/kg BW) | 0.8 (0.7; 1.6) | 0.9 (0.7; 1.2) | ns d | 0.9 (0.8; 1.0) | 1.1 (0.7; 1.3) | ns d | ns b |
| Fat (g) | 98 ± 13 | 91 ± 8 | ns c | 81 ± 6 | 89 ± 9 | ns c | ns a |
| SFAs (g) # | 35 (22; 44) | 36 (20; 45) | ns c | 31 (22; 37) | 30 (25; 45) | ns c | ns a |
| MUFAs (g) | 33 ± 5 | 29 ± 3 | ns c | 28 ± 3 | 31 ± 4 | ns c | ns a |
| PUFAs (g) # | 14 (8; 24) | 15 (11; 32) | ns c | 14 (11; 21) | 13 (9; 24) | ns c | ns a |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 415 (300; 507) | 401 (254; 588) | ns d | 389 (197; 455) | 343 (254; 485) | ns d | ns b |
| Carbohydrates (g) # | 180 (122; 271) | 198 (161; 239) | ns c | 169 (123; 206) | 179 (143; 218) | ns c | ns a |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 22 ± 2 | 24 ± 2 | ns c | 20 ± 2 | 22 ± 2 | ns c | ns a |
| Saccharose (g) | 31 (22; 56) | 34 (29; 52) | ns d | 27 (19; 43) | 33 (24; 28) | ns d | ns b |
| Alcohol (g) | 0.5 (0.0; 8.2) | 0.6 (0.0; 4.3) | ns d | 0.2 (0.0; 7.7) | 0.5 (0.1; 11.6) | ns d | ns b |
| Sodium (mg) $ | 3140 ± 489 | 2944 ± 342 | ns c | 3203 ± 328 | 3270 ± 363 | ns c | ns a |
| Sodium chloride (g) $ | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | ns c | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | ns c | ns a |
| Epicatechin (mg) | 1.1 (0.3; 9.3) | 4.8 (0.7; 9.4) | ns d | 4.9 (0.8; 6.5) | 4.5 (0.8; 6.4) | ns d | ns b |
Data: Means ± standard error of the means (SEMs) or medians (25th-percentile; 75th-percentile); a t-test for unpaired samples, b Mann–Whitney U test, c t-test for paired samples, d Wilcoxon test; # logarithmized data used for statistical tests, § based on 3-day food records performed before each investigation $ salt to taste not considered. BW: body weight; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; ns: not significant; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA: saturated fatty acids.