Table 2.
Associations a between FoPLs and change in ability to correctly rank products between no label and labelling conditions.
| Countries | n | HSR | MTL | Nutri-Score | Warning Symbol | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | ||
| All countries | 12,015 | 1.37 [1.23–1.53] | <0.0001 | 1.77 [1.59–1.98] | <0.0001 | 3.07 [2.75–3.43] | <0.0001 | 1.28 [1.15–1.43] | <0.0001 |
| Argentina | 1001 | 1.14 [0.79–1.66] | 0.7 | 1.22 [0.84–1.78] | 0.6 | 2.14 [1.48–3.10] | 0.001 | 0.98 [0.67–1.43] | 1.0 |
| Australia | 1000 | 1.86 [1.27–2.74] | 0.02 | 1.52 [1.03–2.24] | 0.2 | 4.15 [2.82–6.11] | <0.0001 | 1.41 [0.95–2.08] | 0.3 |
| Bulgaria | 1013 | 1.97 [1.31–2.97] | 0.01 | 1.12 [0.74–1.67] | 0.8 | 2.34 [1.55–3.53] | 0.001 | 1.28 [0.85–1.91] | 0.6 |
| Canada | 1000 | 1.49 [1.02–2.17] | 0.2 | 1.71 [1.17–2.49] | 0.05 | 3.30 [2.27–4.80] | <0.0001 | 1.35 [0.92–1.97] | 0.4 |
| Denmark | 1000 | 1.09 [0.75–1.60] | 0.8 | 1.65 [1.13–2.40] | 0.09 | 2.46 [1.69–3.58] | <0.0001 | 1.02 [0.70–1.49] | 1.0 |
| France | 1000 | 1.53 [1.03–2.27] | 0.2 | 2.42 [1.63–3.57] | 0.0002 | 4.29 [2.90–6.35] | <0.0001 | 1.51 [1.02–2.24] | 0.2 |
| Germany | 1000 | 1.20 [0.80–1.80] | 0.6 | 2.15 [1.44–3.21] | 0.003 | 2.72 [1.83–4.05] | <0.0001 | 1.10 [0.73–1.65] | 0.8 |
| Mexico | 1001 | 1.30 [0.89–1.90] | 0.5 | 2.61 [1.78–3.81] | <0.0001 | 2.67 [1.83–3.90] | <0.0001 | 1.63 [1.11–2.39] | 0.1 |
| Singapore | 1000 | 1.99 [1.35–2.93] | 0.007 | 2.06 [1.40–3.03] | 0.004 | 4.45 [3.02–6.56] | <0.0001 | 2.04 [1.39–3.00] | 0.005 |
| Spain | 1000 | 0.81 [0.55–1.20] | 0.6 | 1.77 [1.20–2.61] | 0.04 | 3.00 [2.04–4.41] | <0.0001 | 1.17 [0.79–1.72] | 0.7 |
| USA | 1000 | 1.28 [0.87–1.87] | 0.5 | 1.96 [1.34–2.86] | 0.007 | 3.10 [2.12–4.53] | <0.0001 | 1.06 [0.72–1.56] | 0.9 |
| UK | 1000 | 1.32 [0.89–1.95] | 0.5 | 1.97 [1.34–2.89] | 0.008 | 4.21 [2.86–6.20] | <0.0001 | 1.25 [0.85–1.85] | 0.6 |
a The reference of the multivariate ordinal logistic regression for the categorical variable “label” was the Reference Intakes. The multivariate model was adjusted according to sex, age, educational level, level of income, responsibility for grocery shopping, self-estimated diet quality, and self-estimated nutrition knowledge level. HSR: Health Star Rating system; MTL: Multiple Traffic Lights; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval. Bold values correspond to significant results corrected for multiple testing (p-value ≤ 0.05).