Table 3.
List of tentative discriminant metabolites (chemical markers) based on 1H-NMR spectral data for each types of stingless bee honey.
| VIP > 1 | Binned Region | 1H-NMR Characteristics Signals | Online HMDB (1H-NMR) | J-Resolved | HSQC (1H-13C) Characteristics Signals | Online HMDB (HSQC, 1H-13C) | Tentative Discriminant Metabolites | Honey Types |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.45 | 3.68 | 3.68 (m) | d-Fructofuranose | H. itama | ||||
| 3.56 | 3.52 | 3.52 (m) | ||||||
| 3.32 | 4.00 | 4.00 (m) | ||||||
| 3.13 | 4.08 | 4.10 (d, 8.5) | 4.118 (m) | d | 4.1 (79.747) | 4.1055 (78.2044) | ||
| 2.62 | 3.76 | 3.76 (m) | ||||||
| 2.09 | 3.96 | 3.96 (m) | ||||||
| 2.19 | 4.60 | 4.61 (d, 7.9) | 4.634 (d, 7.957) | d | 4.61 (94.048) | 4.6333 (98.7123) | β-d-Glucose | G. thoracica |
| 1.77 | 3.20 | 3.21 (dd, 9.4, 8.71) | 3.21 (dd, 9.33) | 3.21 (dd, 7.90) | d | 3.2140 (76.4140) | 3.2144 (76.9117) | d-Xylose |
| 1.44 | 5.20 | 5.20 (d, 3.7) | 5.223 (d, 3.677) | d | 5.2 (93.293) | 5.2241 (94.9364) | α-d-Glucose | |
| 1.25 | 2.00 | 2.05 (s) | - | - | - | - | Unassigned (2.05) | |
| 3.81 | 1.32 | 1.36 (d, 6.90) | 1.32 (d, 6.96) | d | 1.387 (21.841) | 1.3142 (22.9033) | l-Lactic acid | T. apicalis |
| 2.88 | 1.92 | 1.92 (s) | 1.91 (s) | s | 1.943 (26.751) | 1.9059 (26.0899) | Acetic acid | |
| 1.47 | 5.28 | 5.28 (t, 3.6) | - | - | - | - | Unassigned (5.28) | |
| 1.22 | 1.44 | 1.43 (d, 7.00) | 1.46 (d, 7.14) | d | 1.450 (19.702) | 1.4903 (19.0295) | l-Alanine |