Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear mixed-effects analyses of the association between ≥daily cannabis use and retention in opioid agonist treatment, Vancouver, Canada (1996-2016)

	Unadjusted		Adjusted‡
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p - value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p - value
Primary variable of interest
≥Daily cannabis use*	1.20 (1.03 – 1.39)	0.016	1.21 (1.04 – 1.41)	0.014
Covariates
Age (per year older)	1.08 (1.07 – 1.09)	<0.001†	1.05 (1.04 – 1.06)	<0.001
Male gender	0.96 (0.77 – 1.21)	0.755
Caucasian ethnicity	1.37 (1.09 – 1.73)	0.007†
≥High school education	0.93 (0.80 – 1.10)	0.411
HIV positive	1.62 (1.30 – 2.03)	<0.001†
≥Daily heroin injection*	0.22 (0.19 – 0.25)	<0.001†	0.25 (0.22 – 0.29)	<0.001
≥Daily prescription opioid use*	0.33 (0.27 – 0.42)	<0.001†	0.37 (0.29 – 0.47)	<0.001
≥Daily cocaine injection*	0.64 (0.55 – 0.75)	<0.001†
≥Daily crack use*	0.90 (0.80 – 1.02)	0.098†
Heavy alcohol use*	1.11 (0.99 – 1.24)	0.062†	1.13 (1.00 – 1.26)	0.047
Homeless*	0.50 (0.43 – 0.57)	<0.001†
Incarceration*	0.48 (0.41 – 0.55)	<0.001†
Calendar-year of OAT initiation	0.96 (0.94 – 0.98)	<0.001†

OAT, opioid agonist therapy

Level of heterogeneity between cohorts: p=0.0268

^*Refers to the 6-month period prior to the interview

^†p<0.10 in the unadjusted analyses and considered for inclusion in the multivariable model

^‡Only the variables included in the final multivariable confounder model are presented in this column