Table 2.
Estimated mean change in memory-related neuropsychological outcomes at 3-months and 9-months
| Art therapy (n = 22) |
Music reminiscence activities (n = 24) |
Control (n = 22) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants assessed at 3 months | 19 | 23 | 18 |
| Number of participants assessed at 9 months | 18 | 22 | 18 |
| RAVLT List Learning Sum z-score | |||
| Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE) | 1.01 (0.19) | 0.36 (0.17) | 0.47 (0.19) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.54 (0.105, 0.978) [0.042] | −0.11 (− 0.529, 0.314) [0.674] | |
| Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE) | 1.07 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.15) | 0.60 (0.16) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.47 (0.089, 0.854) [0.043] | 0.13 (− 0.240, 0.493) [0.569] | |
| RAVLT Delayed Recall z-score | |||
| Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.14) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.24 (−0.088, 0.561) [0.230] | 0.17 (− 0.142, 0.486) [0.366] | |
| Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE) | 0.41 (0.13) | 0.41 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.12) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.14 (−0.159, 0.430) [0.448] | 0.14 (− 0.145, 0.421) [0.419] | |
| RAVLT Recognition Trial z-score | |||
| Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE) | 0.57 (0.22) | 0.20 (0.20) | 0.11 (0.22) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.46 (−0.045, 0.969) [0.134] | 0.09 (− 0.402, 0.578) [0.767] | |
| Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE) | 0.50 (0.21) | 0.32 (0.19) | 0.18 (0.20) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.32 (−0.153, 0.802) [0.262] | 0.14 (− 0.318, 0.600) [0.612] | |
| Mean z-score for RAVLT memory domains | |||
| Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE) | 0.64 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.11) | 0.23 (0.12) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.40 (0.126, 0.679) [0.017] | 0.04 (− 0.230, 0.304) [0.819] | |
| Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE) | 0.67 (0.10) | 0.48 (0.10) | 0.36 (0.10) |
| Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p] | 0.31 (0.068, 0.548) [0.035] | 0.13 (− 0.102, 0.358) [0.358] | |
Mean values were estimated using a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for baseline values and gender. See “Methods” section for outcome definitions
RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, SE standard error, CI confidence intervals