Table 2. Descriptive data (mean ± standard deviation) of the Force–Velocity–Power mechanical profile and performance variables obtained in jumping (vertical) and sprinting (horizontal) testing procedures displayed by sport, sex, and level of practice.
| Sport | F0 (N/kg) | v0 (m/s) | Pmax (W/kg) | Performance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | SJ height (cm) | Sprint time (s) | |
| Basketball | ||||||||
| ♂HL (n = 12) | 32.7 ± 3.78 | 6.98 ± 1.06 | 3.37 ± 0.47 | 8.56 ± 0.40 | 26.8 ± 3.24 | 14.8 ± 2.05 | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 3.54 ± 0.18 |
| ♂ML (n = 16) | 32.4 ± 3.72 | 6.71 ± 0.72 | 3.13 ± 0.43 | 8.53 ± 0.49 | 25.3 ± 4.15 | 14.2 ± 1.34 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 3.58 ± 0.10 |
| ♀ML (n = 17) | 29.7 ± 4.32 | 6.32 ± 0.61 | 2.94 ± 0.39 | 7.19 ± 0.70 | 21.5 ± 2.10 | 11.4 ± 1.93 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 3.93 ± 0.26 |
| ♂♀HL + ML (n = 45) | 31.3 ± 4.08 | 6.66 ± 0.85 | 3.14 ± 0.46 | 8.03 ± 0.86 | 24.4 ± 3.87 | 13.3 ± 2.39 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 3.70 ± 0.27 |
| Futsal | ||||||||
| ♂EL (n = 39) | 34.8± 3.61 | 7.70 ± 0.51 | 3.27 ± 0.45 | 9.01 ± 0.43 | 28.2 ± 2.33 | 17.2 ± 1.35 | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 3.36 ± 0.09 |
| ♂HL (n = 10) | 34.4± 2.21 | 7.11 ± 0.22 | 3.03 ± 0.21 | 8.84 ± 0.21 | 26.0 ± 2.51 | 15.7 ± 0.54 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 3.46 ± 0.04 |
| ♀ML (n = 28) | 31.7± 2.49 | 6.63 ± 0.46 | 2.89 ± 0.27 | 7.64 ± 0.40 | 22.8 ± 2.01 | 12.6 ± 1.18 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 3.77 ± 0.13 |
| ♂♀ (n = 77) | 33.6 ± 3.39 | 7.23 ± 0.68 | 3.10 ± 0.40 | 8.49 ± 0.76 | 25.9 ± 3.31 | 15.3 ± 2.46 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 3.52 ± 0.22 |
| Gymnastics | ||||||||
| ♂EL (n = 14) | 35.5 ± 2.23 | 7.16 ± 0.65 | 3.35 ± 0.31 | 8.89 ± 0.36 | 29.7 ± 2.79 | 15.8 ± 1.25 | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 3.45 ± 0.09 |
| ♀EL (n = 12) | 33.5 ± 2.45 | 6.83 ± 0.30 | 3.04 ± 0.24 | 7.48 ± 0.37 | 25.3 ± 0.84 | 12.7 ± 0.71 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 3.78 ± 0.09 |
| ♂♀EL (n = 26) | 34.5 ± 2.50 | 7.01 ± 0.54 | 3.21 ± 0.32 | 8.24 ± 0.80 | 27.7 ± 3.05 | 14.3 ± 1.87 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 3.60 ± 0.19 |
| Handball | ||||||||
| ♂EL (n = 31) | 31.7 ± 4.09 | 7.24 ± 0.70 | 3.69 ± 1.06 | 8.54 ± 0.50 | 28.7 ± 6.78 | 15.4 ± 1.75 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 3.50 ± 0.13 |
| ♀EL (n = 15) | 31.4 ± 3.26 | 6.67 ± 0.38 | 3.08 ± 0.38 | 7.51 ± 0.31 | 24.0 ± 1.87 | 12.5 ± 1.00 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 3.79 ± 0.12 |
| ♂♀EL (n = 46) | 31.6 ± 3.80 | 7.05 ± 0.67 | 3.49 ± 0.94 | 8.21 ± 0.66 | 27.1 ± 6.05 | 14.4 ± 2.06 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 3.59 ± 0.19 |
| Judo | ||||||||
| ♂HL (n = 10) | 31.1 ± 2.15 | 5.99 ± 0.41 | 3.29 ± 0.23 | 8.13 ± 0.25 | 25.5 ± 1.76 | 12.1 ± 0.58 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 3.76 ± 0.05 |
| ♀HL (n = 10) | 31.2 ± 2.41 | 6.20 ± 1.26 | 2.54 ± 0.29 | 6.76 ± 0.39 | 19.7 ± 1.64 | 10.4 ± 2.02 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 4.11 ± 0.22 |
| ♂♀HL (n = 20) | 31.1 ± 2.22 | 6.09 ± 0.92 | 2.92 ± 0.46 | 7.45 ± 0.77 | 22.6 ± 3.38 | 11.2 ± 1.69 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 3.93 ± 0.24 |
| Karate | ||||||||
| ♂ML (n = 18) | 35.8 ± 3.64 | 6.88 ± 1.08 | 3.13 ± 0.31 | 8.24 ± 0.45 | 27.9 ± 2.81 | 14.0 ± 1.99 | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 3.63 ± 0.14 |
| ♀ML (n = 14) | 31.1 ± 1.85 | 6.84 ± 0.52 | 2.89 ± 0.33 | 6.90 ± 0.37 | 22.4 ± 2.43 | 11.8 ± 1.27 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 3.93 ± 0.15 |
| ♂♀ML (n = 32) | 33.8 ± 3.78 | 6.86 ± 0.87 | 3.02 ± 0.34 | 7.65 ± 0.79 | 25.5 ± 3.78 | 13.1 ± 2.04 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 3.76 ± 0.21 |
| Rugby | ||||||||
| ♂EL (n = 21) | 31.0 ± 7.47 | 8.90 ± 1.04 | 3.38 ± 1.13 | 8.62 ± 0.31 | 24.7 ± 4.97 | 19.2 ± 2.36 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 3.29 ± 0.12 |
| ♀EL (n = 15) | 32.9 ± 2.22 | 7.12 ± 0.40 | 3.06 ± 0.32 | 7.85 ± 0.28 | 24.9 ± 1.48 | 13.9 ± 1.04 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 3.66 ± 0.07 |
| ♂♀EL (n = 36) | 31.8 ± 5.89 | 8.16 ± 1.21 | 3.24 ± 0.89 | 8.30 ± 0.49 | 24.8 ± 3.88 | 17.0 ± 3.25 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 3.45 ± 0.21 |
| Soccer | ||||||||
| ♂EL (n = 21) | 36.7 ± 5.68 | 7.35 ± 0.69 | 3.22 ± 0.61 | 9.25 ± 0.61 | 28.9 ± 3.16 | 16.9 ± 1.91 | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 3.38 ± 0.12 |
| ♂HL (n = 18) | 35.5 ± 3.19 | 7.07 ± 0.42 | 2.98 ± 0.37 | 9.17 ± 0.49 | 26.3 ± 2.95 | 16.1 ± 1.09 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 3.42 ± 0.08 |
| ♂ML (n = 34) | 33.1 ± 4.56 | 6.73 ± 1.04 | 3.16 ± 0.52 | 8.89 ± 0.50 | 25.7 ± 2.48 | 14.9 ± 1.72 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 3.50 ± 0.12 |
| ♀EL (n = 18) | 32.9 ± 3.56 | 6.49 ± 0.30 | 3.03 ± 0.33 | 8.18 ± 0.47 | 24.7 ± 0.95 | 13.2 ± 1.03 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 3.68 ± 0.10 |
| ♀ML (n = 20) | 31.8 ± 1.84 | 6.45 ± 0.59 | 2.88 ± 0.19 | 7.60 ± 0.38 | 22.8 ± 1.65 | 12.2 ± 1.28 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 3.78 ± 0.11 |
| ♂♀EL (n = 111) | 33.9 ± 4.41 | 6.82 ± 0.64 | 3.07 ± 0.46 | 8.67 ± 0.78 | 25.8 ± 3.09 | 14.7 ± 2.23 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 3.54 ± 0.18 |
| Sprint | ||||||||
| ♂HL (n = 15) | 40.9 ± 3.12 | 8.10 ± 0.88 | 3.11 ± 0.24 | 10.3 ± 0.44 | 31.7 ± 3.55 | 20.7 ± 2.19 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 3.14 ± 0.10 |
| ♀HL (n = 13) | 38.3 ± 2.78 | 7.07 ± 0.36 | 2.86 ± 0.22 | 8.98 ± 0.36 | 27.3 ± 2.15 | 15.8 ± 0.91 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 3.45 ± 0.07 |
| ♂♀HL (n = 28) | 39.7 ± 3.19 | 7.62 ± 0.85 | 2.99 ± 0.26 | 9.71 ± 0.80 | 29.7 ± 3.71 | 18.4 ± 3.05 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 3.28 ± 0.18 |
| Taekwondo | ||||||||
| ♂ML (n = 13) | 35.6 ± 4.15 | 6.94 ± 1.91 | 3.06 ± 0.31 | 7.89 ± 0.60 | 27.0 ± 2.80 | 13.5 ± 3.65 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 3.75 ± 0.33 |
| ♀ML (n = 10) | 33.4 ± 2.21 | 7.04 ± 0.66 | 2.56 ± 0.35 | 6.62 ± 0.38 | 21.2 ± 1.98 | 11.6 ± 1.30 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 4.00 ± 0.15 |
| ♂♀ML (n = 23) | 33.8 ± 3.78 | 6.86 ± 0.87 | 3.02 ± 0.34 | 7.65 ± 0.79 | 25.5 ± 3.78 | 13.1 ± 2.04 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 3.76 ± 0.21 |
| Tennis | ||||||||
| ♂HL (n = 17) | 31.1 ± 2.10 | 7.24 ± 0.87 | 3.48 ± 0.27 | 8.59 ± 0.33 | 27.0 ± 2.03 | 15.4 ± 1.56 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 3.49 ± 0.10 |
| ♀HL (n = 14) | 31.7 ± 1.94 | 6.92 ± 0.32 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 7.77 ± 0.34 | 24.7 ± 1.28 | 13.4 ± 0.93 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 3.69 ± 0.10 |
| ♂♀HL (n = 31) | 31.4 ± 2.01 | 7.10 ± 0.69 | 3.32 ± 0.31 | 8.22 ± 0.53 | 26.0 ± 2.08 | 14.5 ± 1.65 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 3.58 ± 0.14 |
| Sport science students | ||||||||
| ♂LL (n = 16) | 28.3 ± 3.11 | 6.55 ± 0.96 | 3.67 ± 0.18 | 8.26 ± 0.53 | 23.5 ± 3.00 | 13.4 ± 2.02 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 3.67 ± 0.18 |
| ♀LL (n = 14) | 25.7 ± 2.76 | 6.12 ± 0.30 | 3.10 ± 0.33 | 6.91 ± 0.66 | 25.7 ± 2.76 | 10.5 ± 1.11 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 4.04 ± 0.19 |
| ♂♀LL (n = 30) | 27.0 ± 3.19 | 6.35 ± 0.75 | 3.22 ± 0.31 | 7.63 ± 0.90 | 21.8 ± 3.15 | 12.1 ± 2.19 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 3.84 ± 0.26 |
| Volleyball | ||||||||
| ♂ML (n = 19) | 32.1 ± 3.12 | 7.18 ± 0.90 | 3.46 ± 0.32 | 8.18 ± 0.50 | 27.6 ± 2.01 | 14.6 ± 2.05 | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 3.58 ± 0.16 |
| ♀ML (n = 16) | 28.8 ± 2.23 | 6.62 ± 0.58 | 3.39 ± 0.34 | 7.10 ± 0.30 | 24.3 ± 2.07 | 11.7 ± 1.14 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 3.89 ± 0.11 |
| ♂♀ML (n = 35) | 30.6 ± 3.19 | 6.92 ± 0.81 | 3.43 ± 0.33 | 7.69 ± 0.69 | 25.5 ± 3.78 | 13.3 ± 2.22 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 3.72 ± 0.21 |
| Weightlifting | ||||||||
| ♂HL (n = 9) | 47.5 ± 2.58 | 7.52 ± 0.53 | 2.74 ± 0.27 | 7.67 ± 0.53 | 32.6 ± 3.80 | 14.4 ± 1.75 | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 3.63 ± 0.17 |
| ♀HL (n = 8) | 38.1 ± 0.76 | 6.90 ± 0.17 | 2.77 ± 0.12 | 7.22 ± 0.30 | 26.4 ± 0.91 | 12.4 ± 0.70 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 3.82 ± 0.09 |
| ♂♀HL (n = 17) | 43.1 ± 5.21 | 7.23 ± 0.51 | 2.75 ± 0.21 | 7.46 ± 0.49 | 29.6 ± 4.21 | 13.5 ± 1.67 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 3.72 ± 0.17 |
Note:
F0, theoretical maximal force; v0, theoretical maximal velocity; Pmax, theoretical maximal power; LL, low level or amateur; ML, medium level or semi-professional; HL, high level or professional; EL, elite level or international.