Schematic overview of q2-longitudinal. Green boxes indicate QIIME 2 artifact files, labeled by the file type/format. Blue boxes indicate actions (the various functions available in q2-longitudinal), labeled by the function name. Lines indicate required inputs and outputs; dotted lines indicate optional inputs. All actions require sample metadata files, and feature tables (sample by observation matrices, e.g., of operational taxonomic units [OTUs], taxa, or sequence variant data) are optional inputs to a number of actions but required by the feature-volatility and “maturity-index” pipelines (red arrows for emphasis). Only some actions shown in this schematic are described in this work; see https://github.com/qiime2/q2-longitudinal or https://qiime2.org for more details on all actions available in q2-longitudinal. NMIT, Non-parametric Microbial Interdependence Test.