Table 1. Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Population.
| No. (%) of Patients, Systolic/Diastolic Blood Pressure Measures, mm Hg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, <120/<80 (n = 991 884) |
Elevated, 120-129/<80 (n = 267 790) |
Hypertension | ||
| Stage 1, 130-139/80-89 (n = 938 908) |
Stage 2, ≥140/≥90 (n = 289 519) |
|||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 30 (26-35) | 31 (27-35) | 32 (28-36) | 33 (29-36) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 497 673 (50.2) | 194 493 (72.6) | 747 362 (79.6) | 259 303 (89.6) |
| Women | 494 211 (49.8) | 73 297 (27.4) | 191 546 (20.4) | 30 216 (10.4) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 107.1 (7.1) | 122.1 (2.8) | 124.7 (7.7) | 139.4 (11.5) |
| Diastolic | 67.2 (5.8) | 71.0 (4.2) | 80.3 (3.8) | 91.0 (7.6) |
| Household income, quartiles | ||||
| First (highest) | 281 773 (28.4) | 79 736 (29.8) | 286 747 (30.5) | 89 611 (31.0) |
| Second | 353 947 (35.7) | 96 931 (36.2) | 344 984 (36.7) | 105 382 (36.4) |
| Third | 236 872 (23.9) | 59 050 (22.1) | 198 157 (21.1) | 56 864 (19.6) |
| Fourth (lowest) | 119 292 (12.0) | 32 073 (12.0) | 109 020 (11.6) | 37 662 (13.0) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 656 357 (66.2) | 139 153 (52.0) | 449 007 (47.8) | 116 710 (40.3) |
| Past | 80 280 (8.1) | 30 379 (11.3) | 112 652 (12.0) | 38 559 (13.3) |
| Current | 255 247 (25.7) | 98 258 (36.7) | 377 249 (40.2) | 134 250 (46.4) |
| Physical activity, times/wk | ||||
| 0 | 555 338 (56.0) | 130 029 (48.6) | 446 897 (47.6) | 125 761 (43.4) |
| 1-2 | 293 433 (29.6) | 92 043 (34.4) | 334 115 (35.6) | 112 845 (39.0) |
| 3-4 | 100 685 (10.2) | 31 791 (11.9) | 111 356 (11.9) | 36 158 (12.5) |
| 5-6 | 19 374 (2.0) | 6249 (2.3) | 20 861 (2.2) | 6449 (2.2) |
| 7 | 23 054 (2.3) | 7678 (2.9) | 25 679 (2.7) | 8306 (2.9) |
| Alcohol consumption, times/wk | ||||
| 0 | 453 716 (45.7) | 97 418 (36.4) | 311 922 (33.2) | 75 390 (26.0) |
| <1 | 284 608 (29.7) | 78 536 (29.3) | 261 041 (27.8) | 75 009 (25.9) |
| 1-2 | 208 080 (21.0) | 73 444 (27.4) | 285 507 (30.4) | 103 376 (35.7) |
| 3-4 | 38 795 (3.9) | 15 724 (5.9) | 68 529 (7.3) | 30 082 (10.4) |
| ≥5 | 6685 (0.7) | 2668 (1.0) | 11 909 (1.3) | 5662 (2.0) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)a | 22.0 (2.9) | 23.2 (3.0) | 23.7 (3.1) | 25.1 (3.4) |
| <18.5 | 89 596 (9.0) | 11 446 (4.3) | 31 605 (3.4) | 4156 (1.4) |
| 18.5-22.9 | 561 240 (56.6) | 120 400 (45.0) | 362 549 (38.6) | 72 581 (25.1) |
| 23.0-24.9 | 189 389 (19.1) | 65 887 (24.6) | 236 026 (25.1) | 69 019 (23.8) |
| ≥25.0 | 151 659 (15.3) | 70 057 (26.2) | 308 728 (32.9) | 143 763 (49.7) |
| Fasting serum glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 87.9 (15.7) | 90.3 (17.3) | 91.1 (19.0) | 94.4 (23.4) |
| <100.0 | 847 090 (86.4) | 217 601 (81.3) | 747 360 (79.6) | 209 958 (72.5) |
| 100.0-125.9 | 123 352 (12.4) | 45 201 (16.9) | 168 521 (18.0) | 66 669 (23.0) |
| ≥126.0 | 11 442 (1.2) | 4988 (1.9) | 23 027 (2.5) | 12 892 (4.5) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 180.3 (35.9) | 185.4 (37.9) | 189.9 (39.2) | 197.9 (42.1) |
| <200.0 | 746 782 (75.3) | 186 279 (69.6) | 604 396 (64.4) | 160 001 (55.3) |
| 200.0-239.9 | 199 791 (20.1) | 65 006 (24.3) | 259 476 (27.6) | 94 193 (32.5) |
| ≥240.0 | 45 311 (4.6) | 16 505 (6.2) | 75 036 (8.0) | 35 325 (12.2) |
| Charlson Comorbidity indexb | ||||
| 0 | 493 932 (49.8) | 139 302 (52.0) | 498 502 (53.1) | 161 117 (55.7) |
| 1 | 354 833 (35.8) | 92 170 (34.4) | 314 773 (33.5) | 91 673 (31.7) |
| ≥2 | 143 119 (14.4) | 36 318 (13.6) | 125 633 (13.4) | 36 729 (12.7) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
SI conversion factors: to convert cholesterol from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; fasting glucose from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555.
a
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Charlson comorbidity index: range, 0 (no comorbidities) to 37 (multiple comorbidities).