Table 1.

Mechanical properties of some soft tissues and biodegradable tissue scaffolds.

Material	Modulus (MPa)	Ult. Stress (MPa)	Ult. Strain (%)	Ref.
Bovine elastin	1.1	2	-	4
Collagen fibers	100	-	50	5
Knee articular cartilage	2.1-11.8			6,7
Smooth muscle (relaxed)	0.006	-	300	5
Smooth muscle (contracted)	0.01	-	300	5
Human bladder	0.25	0.27	0.69	8
Porcine bladder	0.26	0.32	1.66	8
Porcine aortic heart valve	6.4 – 44.7	1.4–8.3	48.7–134.8	9
PGAa	6,900	70	< 3	2,82
PLLAb	1,200–2,700	28 - 50	6	2,82
PDLLAc	1,900–2,400	29 - 35	6	2,82
PCLd	0.21–0.34	20.7	300–500	2
PTMCe	6.3–6.8	12 - 24	820–831	90
PLGAf	1.4–2.8	41.4–55.2	3–10	2
PLCLg	0.192–68.573	0.57–8.55	175–854.4	83,84,85
PLTMCh	4–1,900	1 - 53	4–830	88,89,92
PGSi	0.282	> 0.5	> 267	34,93,94
PGSAj	0.048 - 1.375	0.054 - 0.498	47.4–170	29,95,96
PPSk	0.37 - 378.0	0.57 - 17.64	10.90–205.2	97,98
APSl	2.45 - 4.24	1.33 - 1.69	64–92	99
PDCm	1.60–13.98	2.93–11.15	117–502	101,108
PGlSun	-	-	-	118
PTKo	0.1–657.4	0.2–30.8	22–583	135
PPFp	0.9–4,500	.05–120	5 -20	138,139,140,141,142

^a– poly(glycolide); ^b – poly(l-lactide); ^c – poly(d,l-lactide); ^d – poly(caprolactone); ^e – poly(trimethylene carbonate); ^f – poly(lactide-co-glycolide); ^g – poly(lactide-co-caprolactone); ^h – poly(lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate); ⁱ – poly(glycerol sebacate); ^j – poly(glycerol sebacate acrylate); ^k – poly(polyol sebacate); ^l – poly(1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-co-polyol sebacate); ^m – poly(diol-co-citrate); ⁿ – poly(glycerol succinate); ^o – poly(triol α-ketoglutarate); ^o – poly(propylene fumarate).