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. 2010 Sep 2;15(9):6168–6185. doi: 10.3390/molecules15096168

Table 1.

Chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

RI1 Class Identification2 Compound V. vitis-idaea, % A. uva-ursi, %
725 GL a, b (Z)-3-Penten-1-ol tr
732 GL a, b (E)-3-Penten-2-one tr3 tr
739 MRP a, b, c Pyridine tr
744 GL a, b (E)-2-Pentenal tr tr
762 GL a, b, c 1-Pentanol tr tr
765 GL a, b (Z)-2-Penten-1-ol 0.8 0.2
772 TH a, b 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (syn.4 prenol) 0.1
772 O a, b, c N,N-Dimethyl formamide 0.4
781 TH a, b 3-Methyl-2-butenal (syn. prenal) tr
783 GL a, b, c 2,4-Pentandione (syn. acetyl acetone) tr
801 GL a, b, c Hexanal tr 0.1
824 MRP a, b Methylpyrazine tr
827 O a, b, c Maleic anhydride tr
832 TH a, b, c 2-Methylbutanoic acid tr
828 GL/MRP a, b, c Furfural 0.2 0.8
839 GL a, b, c 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone tr tr
844 GL a, b (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol tr
854 GL a, b (E)-2-Hexenal tr 0.7
854 GL a, b (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol 1.2
858 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol 4.4 tr
867 GL a, b, c 1-Hexanol tr tr
863 MRP a, b, c 3-Methylpyridine 0.2
869 MPR a, b α-Angelica lactone tr
892 AE a, b 1-Nonene tr
896 O a, b 2-Methyl-2-cyclopentenone tr
900 TH a, b, c Isopropyl 3-methylbutanoate 0.1
913 GL a, b (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal tr tr
915 MRP a, b, c 2-Acetylfuran tr 0.2
916 MRP a, b Ethylpyrazine tr
920 MRP a, b 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine tr
935 GL a, b 2-Methylpentanoic acid tr
956 GL a, b (E)-2-Heptenal tr 0.1
959 MRP a, b 3-Ethylpyridine 0.1
959 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hepten-1-ol tr
965 MRP a, b, c Benzaldehyde 0.6 0.2
963 MRP a, b 5-Methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde tr
967 GL a, b, c 1-Heptanol tr tr
968 MRP a, b 3-Ethenylpyridine 0.4
971 GL a, b, c Hexanoic acid 0.6
973 GL a, b (E)-4-Octen-3-one tr
978 GL a, b 1-Octen-3-ol tr 0.1
978 MRP a, b, c Phenol tr
986 CR a, b 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.1
989 O a, b, c Benzonitrile tr
993 GL a, b 2-Pentylfuran tr
995 GL a, b 3-Octanol tr
999 GL a, b (E,Z)-2,4-Heptadienal tr 0.3
1001 MRP a, b 2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine tr
1004 MRP a, b 2-Ethyl-5-methylpyrazine tr
1005 MRP a, b Trimethylpyrazine tr
1013 GL a, b (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal tr 0.7
1019 MRP a, b 5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine tr
1022 TMM a, b, c Limonene tr
1027 O a, b 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol tr 0.1
1027 TMA a, b, c p-Cymene tr
1031 GL a, b (E)-3-Octen-2-one tr tr
1036 MRP a, b, c Benzyl alcohol 0.7 0.2
1047 MRP a, b, c Phenylacetaldehyde 0.5 1.0
1047 O a, b, c Salicylaldehyde tr
1053 O a, b, c 2-Methylphenol 0.1
1057 A a, b 4-Methyldecane tr
1058 GL a, b (Z)-2-Octenal 0.1
1062 GL a, b, c Pentyl isobutanoate tr
1067 GL a, b (E)-2-Octen-3-ol tr 0.1
1069 GL a, b, c 1-Octanol 0.9 0.7
1071 GL a, b (E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one tr
1071 O a, b, c Acetophenone tr
1072 O a, b, c 4-Methylbenzaldehyde tr
1074 O a, b, c 4-Methylphenol tr
1075 TMA a, b, c cis-Linalooloxide (furanoid) 0.5 1.3
1086 O a, b 3-Methylbenzaldehyde tr
1090 TMM a, b α-Cumyl alcohol (syn. 2-phenyl-2-propanol) tr
1092 TMA a, b, c trans-Linalooloxide (furanoid) 0.3 0.9
1093 TMM a, b p-Cymenene tr
1097 GL a, b 1-Nonen-4-ol tr
1098 GL a, b Isobutyl tiglate 0.4
1102 TMA a, b, c Linalool 4.7 7.3
1106 GL a, b, c Nonanal 0.5 tr
1107 TM a, b Hotrienol tr
1107 CR a, b 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one 1.8
1111 TMT a, b, c α-Thujone 0.7
1114 O a, b 2,6-Dimethylcyclohexanol tr 0.2
1117 MRP a, b, c 2-Phenyl-1-ethanol 0.6
1120 TMA a, b Myrcenol tr
1121 TMT a, b, c β-Thujone 0.1
1125 TMT a, b Dehydrosabinaketone 0.1
1126 CR a, b, c Isophorone tr
1130 TMP a, b α-Campholenal tr
1140 GL a, b (E)-3-Nonen-2-one tr
1143 O a, b Phenylacetonitrile tr
1145 TMP a, b, c trans-Pinocarveol tr
1145 TMM a, b Lilac aldehyde B tr 0.2
1147 CR a, b 4-Oxoisophorone tr tr
1150 TMB a, b, c Camphor 0.8
1154 TMA a, b Lilac aldehyde A 0.4 tr
1154 GL a, b (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal 0.4
1157 TMA a, b Neroloxide tr
1158 TMM a, b, c Menthone 0.2
1161 GL a, b (E)-2-Nonenal tr 0.3
1165 TMA a, b (Z)-β-Ocimenol 0.1
1167 O a, b, c Benzyl acetate tr
1169 TMM a, b, c Menthol 0.3
1169 TMA a, b Lilac aldehyde C tr
1170 F a, b, c Octanoic acid 0.7
1171 TMM a, b α-Phellandren-8-ol tr
1172 TMM a, b p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol tr
1172 TMB a, b, c Borneol 1.4
1173 TMA a, b cis-Linalooloxide (pyranoid) tr
1175 O a, b, c Ethyl benzoate tr
1177 TMM a, b Isomenthol 1.9
1179 TMA a, b trans-Linalool oxide (pyranoid) tr
1181 O a, b 2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde tr
1182 TMM a, b Terpinen-4-ol 0.5 1.0
1186 TMP a, b Isoverbanol tr
1188 TMM a, b neo-Isomenthol tr
1189 TMM a, b p-Cymen-8-ol 0.2 0.6
1190 O a, b, c Naphthalene tr
1196 TMM a, b α-Terpineol 17.0 7.8
1200 O a, b, c Methyl salicylate 0.5 0.1
1202 TMP a, b, c Myrtenol 0.1
1203 TMM a, b γ-Terpineol tr
1205 CR a, b Safranal tr 0.2
1207 GL a, b, c Decanal tr 0.1
1213 TMM a, b trans-Piperitol tr
1216 TMP a, b, c Verbenone 0.3
1216 GL a, b (E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal tr tr
1221 TMM a, b 1-p-Menthen-9-al isomer 1 0.4 0.6
1223 TMM a, b, c trans-Carveol tr
1223 TMM a, b 1-p-Menthen-9-al isomer 2 0.5 0.4
1226 CR a, b β-Cyclocitral 0.4 0.2
1231 TMA a, b (Z)-Ocimenone tr
1231 TMA a, b, c Nerol 0.2 0.8
1237 TMM a, b, c Thymol methyl ether
1244 TMM a, b, c Pulegone 0.3
1247 TMM a, b, c Carvacrol methyl ether tr
1249 TMM a, b, c Carvone 0.2
1252 TMM a, b Perilla ketone 0.1
1256 TMA a, b, c Geraniol 1.5 3.0
1259 TMM a, b Piperitone 0.2
1263 GL a, b (E)-2-Decenal 0.5 0.7
1273 TMA a, b, c Geranial 1.3
1275 F a, b, c Nonanoic acid 0.4 0.7
1277 TMM a, b Perilla aldehyde 1.2
1286 GL a, b Vitispirane 0.9
1290 PP a, b, c trans-Anethole 0.6
1290 TMB a, b, c Isobornyl acetate tr
1294 TMM a, b, c Thymol 2.0
1294 AE a, b 1-Tridecene tr
1296 GL a, b (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal tr tr
1297 TMM a, b, c Menthyl acetate tr
1299 O a, b 2-Methylnaphthalene tr
1300 O a, b, c Indole tr
1300 A a, b, c Tridecane tr
1304 TMM a, b, c Carvacrol 0.9
1304 TMM a, b Perilla alcohol tr
1309 GL a, b Undecanal 0.1
1313 CR a, b Riesling acetal 1.4
1317 O a, b 1-Methylnaphthalene tr
1318 PP a, b 4-Vinylguaiacol tr tr
1319 GL a, b (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal 0.8 1.7
1323 O a, b 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde 0.1
1326 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hexenyl tiglate tr
1336 A a, b Branched alkane tr
1341 CR a, b (E,E)-2,5-Epoxy-6,8-megastigmadiene tr
1344 A a, b Branched alkane tr
1353 TMM a, b α-Terpineol acetate 0.7
1359 O a, b 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene 0.2 0.6
1361 PP a, b, c Eugenol 0.7 tr
1363 TMA a, b Hydroxy citronellol(syn. 3,7-dimethyl-1,7-octanediol) tr
1366 GL a, b (E)-2-Undecenal tr 0.2
1367 F a, b γ-Nonalactone tr
1371 CR a, b (E,Z)-4,6,8-Megastigmatriene tr
1370 F a, b, c Decanoic acid tr 0.8
1377 A a, b 3-Methyltridecane tr
1383 CR a, b α-Ionol 0.3
1383 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hexenyl hexanoate 0.8
1384 O a, b, c Biphenyl tr
1388 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate 0.3
1390 CR a, b (E)-β-Damascenone 0.3
1391 GL a, b (E)-2-Hexenyl caproate tr
1396 AE a, b 1-Dodecene tr
1398 CR a, b (Z)-Jasmone tr
1400 A a, b, c Tetradecane tr tr
1404 CR a, b (2E)-3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propenal tr 0.4
1407 CR a, b Hexahydropseudoionone (syn. tetrahydrogeranyl acetone) tr 0.1
1409 O a, b 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene tr
1411 AL a, b Dodecanal tr tr
1416 O a, b 1-Ethenylnaphthalene tr
1420 CR a, b (E)-β-Damascone tr
1423 TS a, b β-Cedrene 0.2
1424 O a, b 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene tr
1427 TSCR a, b, c β-Caryophyllene 2.9 0.9
1433 CR a, b, c (E)-α-Ionone 0.1
1440 TS a, b Calarene (syn. β-Gurjunene) tr
1444 O a, b 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene tr
1454 O a, b Acenaphthylene tr
1456 CR a, b (E)-Geranyl acetone tr 4.1
1457 A a, b 4-Methylpentadecane tr
1460 TSF a, b (E)-β-Farnesene tr
1462 TSH a, b, c α-Humulene 1.1 1.2
1463 A a, b 2-Methyltetradecane tr tr
1465 F a, b Undecanoic acid 0.2
1476 ALC a, b 1-Dodecanol tr
1483 TSCD a, b γ-Muurolene 0.6
1488 TSGER a, b Germacrene D tr
1492 CR a, b, c (E)-β-Ionone 1.1 1.3
1494 TSED a, b β-Selinene tr
1497 TS a, b α-Zingiberene 0.6
1498 FAD a, b 2-Tridecanone 0.1
1500 TSED a, b δ-Selinene tr
1500 A a, b, c Pentadecane tr tr
1503 TSED a, b α-Selinene 0.8
1503 O a, b Benzyl tiglate tr
1507 TSCD a, b α-Muurolene 0.2
1509 TSAG a, b 4-epi-cis-Dihydroagarofuran tr
1511 TSF a, b (E,E)-α-Farnesene 4.9
1513 AL a, b Tridecanal tr
1513 TS a, b β-Bisabolene 0.3
1514 TSCD a, b γ-Cadinene tr
1521 TSCD a, b δ-Cadinene 0.9
1526 TSED a, b 7-epi-α-Selinene tr
1527 PP a, b, c Myristicin 0.6
1530 TSCD a, b trans-Cadina-1,4-diene tr
1532 O a, b Lilial tr
1535 CR a, b (E,Z)-Pseudoionone 0.3
1538 CR a, b Dihydroactinidiolide 0.1
1542 A a, b Branched alkane tr
1544 TSCD a, b α-Cadinene tr
1550 TSCD a, b α-Calacorene 0.2
1555 TSAG a, b α-Agarofuran 1.8
1561 A a, b 2-Methylpentadecane tr
1565 F a, b, c Dodecanoic acid 0.6 1.8
1571 O a, b 2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene 0.2
1571 A a, b 3-Methylpentadecane tr
1576 GL a, b (Z)-3-Hexenyl benzoate tr 0.3
1582 TSF a, b (Z)-Dihydroapofarnesol 0.8
1586 TS a, b, c Spathulenol tr
1587 O a, b 9H-Fluorene 0.6
1589 CR a, b (E,E)-Pseudoionone 0.4
1592 TSCR a, b, c Caryophyllene oxide 0.8
1593 AE a, b 1-Hexadecene tr
1594 O a, b 3,3'-Dimethylbiphenyl tr
1600 A a, b, c Hexadecane 0.7
1601 TS a, b Viridiflorol 0.1
1602 TS a, b 4(14)-Salvialen-1-one tr
1607 TSH a, b Humulene epoxide I 0.1
1611 TS a, b Cedrol 0.2
1614 AL a, b Tetradecanal tr
1615 AL a, b (E)-7-Tetradecenal tr
1619 TSH a, b Humulene epoxide II tr
1629 F a, b, c Isopropyl laurate tr
1629 TSED a, b 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol 3.0
1634 O a, b, c Benzophenone tr
1638 O a, b 4-Methyldibenzofuran tr
1640 TSED a, b γ-Eudesmol tr 0.6
1646 TSCR a, b Caryophylla-3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol tr
1649 TSCD a, b τ-Cadinol 0.3
1650 TSCD a, b Cubenol tr
1654 TSCD a, b α-Muurolol 0.2
1659 TSED a, b α-Eudesmol tr
1662 TSER a, b Valerianol 1.7
1665 A a, b 2-Methylhexadecane tr
1666 TSCD a, b α-Cadinol 0.2
1667 TSED a, b 7-epi-α-Eudesmol tr
1675 ALC a, b 1-Tetradecanol 0.9
1676 TSF a, b Hexahydrofarnesol 0.1
1683 O a, b Hexyl salicylate tr
1694 AE a, b 1-Heptadecene tr tr
1695 TSCD a, b Amorpha-4,9-dien-2-ol 0.1
1698 TS a, b Acorenone 0.2
1700 A a, b, c Heptadecane 0.3 0.2
1705 TSGER a, b, c Germacrone 1.1
1716 AL a, b Pentadecanal 0.3 0.1
1719 TSF a, b (E,E)-Farnesal tr
1725 O a, b 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene 0.2
1727 F a, b, c Methyl tetradecanoate tr
1755 A a, b 5-Methylheptadecane tr
1764 A a, b 2-Methylheptadecane tr
1765 F a, b, c Tetradecanoic acid 1.2
1772 O a, b, c Benzyl benzoate tr 0.2
1784 O a, b, c Phenanthrene 0.1
1794 AE a, b 1-Octadecene tr 0.1
1795 F a, b, c Ethyl tetradecanoate tr
1800 A a, b, c Octadecane 0.1
1818 AL a, b Hexadecanal tr tr
1828 F a, b, c Isopropyl myristate tr 0.1
1839 F a, b 15-Pentadecanolide (syn. exaltolide) tr
1844 TSF a, b (E,E)-2,6-Farnesyl acetate tr
1848 CR a, b Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 1.7 2.3
1862 F a, b Pentadecanoic acid tr
1876 O a, b, c Benzyl salicylate tr tr
1883 ALC a, b, c 1-Hexadecanol tr
1894 AE a, b 1-Nonadecene tr
1900 A a, b, c Nonadecane tr 0.1
1921 CR a, b (E,E)-5,9-Farnesyl acetone tr 0.7
1928 F a, b, c Methyl hexadecanoate tr tr
1930 O a, b 2-Methylanthracene tr
1941 F a, b (Z)-9-Hexadecenoic acid (syn. palmitoleic acid) 0.2
1950 TD a, b Isophytol tr 0.2
1968 F a, b, c Hexadecanoic acid tr 4.5
1975 TD a, b Sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene tr
1982 ALC a, b, c 1-Heptadecanol tr
1994 AE a, b 1-Eicosene tr tr
1996 F a, b, c Ethyl hexadecanoate tr 0.2
2000 A a, b, c Eicosane tr 0.1
2003 TD a, b Manoyl oxide 1.4 0.1
2025 TD a, b 13-epi-Manool oxide 2.0
2034 CR a, b (E,E)-Geranyl linalool tr
2070 TD a, b ar-Abietatriene tr
2094 AE a, b 1-Heneicosene tr tr
2100 A a, b, c Heneicosane 0.3 0.1
2116 TD a, b (E)-Phytol tr 3.3
2116 AL a, b Nonadecanal tr
2136 AE a, b, c Linoleic acid 0.3
2138 A a, b Branched alkane tr
2143 F a, b, c Linolenic acid 1.2
2155 F a, b (E,E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (syn. linoleic acid) 0.8
2172 AE a, b 1-Nonadecanol tr
2180 A a, b Branched alkane tr
2194 AE a, b 1-Docosene 0.8 tr
2200 A a, b, c Docosane 0.5 tr
2219 AL a, b Eicosanal tr
2294 AE a, b 1-Tricosene 0.3
2300 A a, b, c Tricosane 2.1 0.2
2395 AE a, b 1-Tetracosene 1.4
2352 F a, b δ-Octadecalactone tr 0.1
2394 AE a, b 1-Tetracosene tr
2400 A a, b, c Tetracosane 1.2 tr
2495 AE a, b 1-Pentacosene tr
2500 A a, b, c Pentacosane 6.4 tr
2596 AE a, b 1-Hexacosene 1.1
2600 A a, b, c Hexacosane 0.6
2700 A a, b, c Heptacosane 2.9
2297 AE a, b 1-Octacosene 1.6
2900 A a, b, c Nonacosane 2.0
2998 AE a, b 1-Triacontene tr
3100 A a, b, c Hentriacontane tr
Total 91.7 90.4
Number of constituents 187 243
Terpenoids (T) 49.5 46.8
Hemiterpenoids (TH) tr 0.2
Monoterpenoids (TM) 27.4 35.6
Oxygenated 27.4 35.6
Hydrocarbons tr tr
Acyclic (TMA) 7.6 14.7
p-Menthane (TMM) 19.8 17.4
Bornane (TMB) 0.0 2.2
Thujane (TMT) 0.0 0.9
Pinane (TMP) tr 0.4
Sesquiterpenoids (TS) 18.7 7.4
Oxygenated 9.2 2.1
Hydrocarbons 9.5 5.3
Farnesane (TSF) 5.7 0.1
Caryophyllane (TSCR) 3.7 0.9
Eudesmane (TSED) 3.0 1.4
Cadinane (TSCD) 0.0 2.7
Germacrane (TSGER) 1.1 tr
Eremophylane (TSER) 1.7 0.0
Salvialane, acorane, bisabolane, aromadendrane, cedrane, gurjunane (TS) 0.6 1.0
Agarofurane (TSAG) 1.8 0.0
Humulane (TSH) 1.1 1.3
Diterpenoids (TD) 3.4 3.6
Phenylpropanoids (PP) 0.7 1.2
Fatty acid derived compounds (FAD) 34.1 10.7
Alkanes (A) 16.3 1.5
Alkenes (AE) 5.2 0.4
Aldehydes (AL) 0.3 0.1
Alcohols (ALC) 0.9 tr
“Green leaf” volatiles (GL) 11.4 8.6
Fatty acids and fatty acid esters (F) 1.7 11.8
Carotenoid derived compounds (CD) 3.2 14.1
Maillard reaction products (MRP) 1.8 2.9
Others 0.7 2.9

1 Compounds listed in order of elution on HP-5MS column (RI- experimentally determined retention indices on the mentioned column by co-injection of a homologous series of n-alkanes C7-C29); 2 a: constituent identified by mass spectra comparison; b: constituent identified by retention index matching; c: constituent identity confirmed by co-injection of an authentic sample; 3 tr- trace (<0.05%); 4 syn.-synonym.