Table 1.
Distribution and yields of main alkaloids (%) as determined by HPLC in Cissampelos capensis leaves, stems and rhizomes. Alkaloids are arranged by their structural types (A aporphine, P proaporphine, BB bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, B benzyltetrahydro-isoquinoline, M morphinane) and numbered as in Figure 1. In column 1, a and b refer to different plants within the same population. (+) = trace amount; (–) = not detected.
| Populations | Alkaloid yield | A | A | A | P | P | P | BB | B | BB | BB | BB | B | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/g dry wt) | 5 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 6 | |
| Leavesa | ||||||||||||||
| CW, plant 4068-a | 2.5 | 14 | 74 | 2 | 1 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CW, plant 4068-b | 19.0 | 9 | 78 | 4 | 1 | + | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | 8 |
| LS, plant 1b | 6.4 | 1 | 20 | + | 1 | 77 | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | 1 |
| GR, plant 2a | 3.4 | 3 | 96 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| GR, plant 2b | 3.2 | 1 | 89 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – |
| SB, plant 3a | 9.6 | 21 | 44 | 6 | + | + | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 27 |
| SB, plant 3b | 10.5 | 10 | 35 | 8 | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | 47 |
| MB, plant 4a | 15.2 | 53 | + | 6 | + | + | – | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | 33 |
| MB, plant 4b | 6.1 | 33 | + | 9 | 1 | + | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | 53 |
| SF, plant 5a | 8.4 | 43 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | 31 |
| SF, plant 5b | 4.7 | 5 | 47 | 6 | 3 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 37 |
| Stems | ||||||||||||||
| CW, plant 4068 | 0.2 | 3 | 16 | – | – | – | – | – | 58 | – | – | 23 | – | – |
| LS, plant 1b | 0.6 | 56 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18 | – | 2 | 15 | – |
| GR, plant 2a | 2.3 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 43 | 1 | 7 | 1 | – |
| GR, plant 2b | 0.5 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 43 | 23 | 2 | 20 | – | – |
| SB, plant 3b | 1.4 | 18 | 17 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 30 | 1 | 3 | 9 | – | – |
| MB, plant 4a | 0.7 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 45 | 11 | 3 | 15 | – | – |
| SF, plant 5a | 0.7 | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | 38 | 24 | 14 | 19 | – | – |
| Rhizomes | ||||||||||||||
| LS, bulk-I sample | 33.9 | + | 50 | – | – | – | – | + | 46 | – | – | – | – | – |
| SB, bulk-S sample | 6.9 | 1 | 17 | – | – | 2 | – | 1 | – | 14 | – | 1 | + | – |
| LS, plant 1a | 1.6 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 54 | – | 44 | – | 1 | – | – |
| LS, plant 1b | 1.0 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 3 | 27 | – | 67 | – | 1 | – | – |
| GR, plant 2a | 1.1 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 15 | – | 82 | – | 1 | – | – |
| GR, plant 2b | 1.1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 3 | 32 | – | 63 | – | 1 | – | – |
| SB, plant 3a | 1.3 | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | 43 | – | 6 | – | – |
| SB, plant 3b | 2.3 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 64 | 8 | 22 | – | 2 | – | – |
| MB, plant 4a | 0.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 48 | 23 | 27 | – | 2 | – | – |
| MB, plant 4b | 1.4 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 46 | 16 | 24 | – | 1 | – | – |
| SF, plant 5a | 0.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – |
| SF, plant 5b | 1.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 77 | – | 12 | – | – |