Table 3.
ORs (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome and its components according to the quartiles of heme iron intake (mg/day) among all participants in the SDHS 2012–2013.
| Quartiles of Dietary Iron Intake, ORs (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value for Trend 1 | |
| Heme Iron Intake (mg/day) | <0.83 | (0.83–1.28) | (1.28–1.94) | ≥1.94 | |
| n | 776 | 774 | 773 | 776 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.91(0.72,1.15) | 0.92(0.73,1.16) | 0.85(0.67,1.07) | 0.593 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.06(0.82,1.36) | 1.11(0.86,1.44) | 1.06(0.80,1.39) | 0.895 |
| p-Value for interaction 3 = 0.096 | |||||
| Metabolic syndrome components | |||||
| Elevated blood pressure | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.76(0.64,0.91) ** | 0.73(0.61,0.87) ** | 0.73(0.61,0.87) ** | 0.001 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 0.91(0.74,1.13) | 0.98(0.79,1.22) | 1.05(0.83,1.32) | 0.620 |
| Elevated waist circumference | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.89(0.74,1.08) | 0.95(0.79,1.14) | 0.93(0.77,1.12) | 0.681 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.07(0.87,1.31) | 1.20(0.98,1.48) | 1.24(0.99,1.55) | 0.189 |
| Elevated fasting glucose | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.90(0.73,1.11) | 0.82(0.67,1.01) | 0.89(0.73,1.10) | 0.330 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.02(0.82,1.28) | 0.96(0.76,1.21) | 1.11(0.87,1.41) | 0.661 |
| Elevated triglycerides | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.05(0.86,1.29) | 1.12(0.92,1.36) | 1.08(0.89,1.32) | 0.723 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.03(0.83,1.28) | 1.10(0.88,1.36) | 1.00(0.79,1.26) | 0.784 |
| Reduced HDL-C 4 | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.05(0.83,1.35) | 1.16(0.91,1.47) | 0.99(0.78,1.27) | 0.547 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.17(0.91,1.52) | 1.29(0.99,1.68) | 1.15(0.87,1.53) | 0.291 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. 1 The p-value for the trend was examined using the medians in each quartile of dietary iron intake. 2 The models were adjusted for age, sex, income, physical activity level, intentional physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol use and dietary total energy intake. 3 The p-value for the interaction was tested for the quartiles of dietary iron intake by gender. 4 HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.