Table 2.
Essential oil compositions of Litsea cubeba harvested from different areas.
| Components | Peak area (%) | Identification b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RI a | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |||
| 1 | α-Pinene | 930 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI |
| 2 | Camphene | 944 | 0.1 | t c | 0.2 | 0.1 | t | 0.1 | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | |
| 3 | β-Phellandrene | 970 | t | 0.4 | t | t | t | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | |
| 4 | β-Pinene | 972 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI |
| 5 | Methyl heptenone | 987 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | GC-MS,RI |
| 6 | 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineole | 989 | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 7 | β-Myrcene | 991 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | GC-MS,RI |
| 8 | 2-Methyl-6-hepten-1-ol | 995 | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 9 | α-Phellandrene | 1003 | 0.2 | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 10 | 3-Carene | 1008 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 11 | α-Terpinene | 1015 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 12 | p-Cymene | 1020 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 13 | o-Cymene | 1022 | t | GC-MS,RI,RT | |||||||
| 14 | D-limonene | 1026 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 2.4 | GC-MS,RI,RT |
| 15 | Cineole | 1028 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI |
| 16 | β-( E)-Ocimene | 1038 | t | 0.1 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 17 | β-( Z)-Ocimene | 1047 | 0.1 | t | 0.3 | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||
| 18 | γ-Terpinolene | 1056 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 19 | ( Z)-β-Terpineol | 1066 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 20 | Terpinolene | 1085 | 0.1 | t | t | t | t | GC-MS,RI | |||
| 21 | (+)-4-Carene | 1086 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 22 | Linalool | 1101 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | GC-MS,RI |
| 23 | ( Z)-Limonene oxide | 1131 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 24 | ( E)-Limonene oxide | 1136 | t | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 25 | Camphor | 1140 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 26 | Isopulegol | 1143 | 1.1 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 27 | Citronellal | 1153 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 6.2 | 1.3 | GC-MS,RI | |
| 28 | Borneol | 1163 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 29 | Verbenol | 1165 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | GC-MS,RI |
| 30 | Terpinen-4-ol | 1175 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | |
| 31 | Isopulegone | 1183 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.5 | GC-MS,RI |
| 32 | α-Terpineol | 1189 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | GC-MS,RI |
| 33 | cis-Piperitol | 1199 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 34 | cis-Carveol | 1205 | 0.1 | t | t | 0.1 | t | t | t | GC-MS,RI | |
| 35 | ( S)-Citronellol | 1223 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 36 | Nerol | 1230 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | GC-MS,RI |
| 37 | ( R)-Citronellol | 1233 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | GC-MS,RI |
| 38 | Isogeraniol | 1237 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 39 | Neral | 1245 | 35.7 | 36.3 | 34.7 | 35.7 | 37.4 | 37.0 | 34.2 | 35.4 | GC-MS,RI,RT |
| 40 | Piperitone | 1253 | t | t | 0.1 | t | t | t | t | t | GC-MS,RI |
| 41 | Geraniol | 1258 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | GC-MS,RI |
| 42 | Geranial | 1276 | 45.9 | 48.0 | 45.9 | 47.2 | 50.0 | 49.5 | 44.4 | 46.2 | GC-MS,RI,RT |
| 43 | Geranic acid | 1359 | 0.1 | t | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | t | 0.2 | GC-MS,RI | |
| 44 | Copaene | 1371 | 0.1 | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 45 | Geranyl acetate | 1384 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 46 | β-Elemene | 1388 | 0.1 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 47 | β-Caryophyllene | 1420 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | GC-MS,RI |
| 48 | β-Farnesene | 1456 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | GC-MS,RI | |||||
| 49 | α-Caryophyllene | 1462 | t | 0.1 | 0.1 | t | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||
| 50 | Germacrene D | 1485 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 51 | γ-Elemene | 1496 | t | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 52 | Eremophilene | 1502 | t | GC-MS,RI,RT | |||||||
| 53 | Germacrene A | 1503 | 0.1 | t | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 54 | β-Bisabolene | 1510 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 55 | Cadinene | 1526 | t | 0.1 | GC-MS,RI | ||||||
| 56 | Caryophyllene oxide | 1586 | 0.1 | t | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | t | 0.3 | GC-MS,RI |
| 57 | Humulene epoxide II | 1613 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 58 | Selina-6-en-4-ol | 1624 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| 59 | α-Cadinol | 1662 | t | GC-MS,RI | |||||||
| Total compounds 59 | 35 | 30 | 40 | 29 | 33 | 31 | 26 | 34 | |||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 6.6 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 5.2 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 3.3 | |||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 90.7 | 95.0 | 89.5 | 92.2 | 96.4 | 94.5 | 92.5 | 91.1 | |||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 2.9 | |||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 0.1 | t | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | t | 0.3 | |||
| Non-terpenes | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |||
| Total identified | 98.7 | 99.1 | 97.6 | 98.3 | 99.0 | 99.2 | 97.8 | 98.5 | |||
a Retention index on a Hewlett Packard 5MS column; b GC-MS = identification based on a high-quality match of mass spectra; RI = Retention index compared with those in the literature; RT = Retention time compared with authentic compounds; c t = Trace component (<0.1%). Sample location: A, B = Fujian Province, C, D = Jiangxi Province, E = Guizhou Province, F = Hunan Province, G = Yunnan Province, H = Sichuan Province.