Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Molecules logoLink to Molecules
. 2013 Apr 11;18(4):4293–4307. doi: 10.3390/molecules18044293

Manganese(III) Acetate-mediated Oxidative Cyclization of α-Methylstyrene and trans-Stilbene with β-Ketosulfones

Ahlem Bouhlel 1, Christophe Curti 1, Clémence Tabelé 1, Patrice Vanelle 1,*
PMCID: PMC6269865  PMID: 23579996

Abstract

A convenient microwave irradiation protocol was utilized for the synthesis of β-ketosulfones 1–5 in good yields. These sulfones reacted with alkenes through a radical oxidative cyclization mediated by Mn(OAc)3. Dihydrofurans 6–10 were obtained in moderate to good yields starting from 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Dihydrofurans 11–15 were synthesized in moderate yields and unexpected cyclopropanes 16–19 were obtained in low yields starting from 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. This protocol offers access to various dihydrofurans which could be tested for their antiparasitic potential.

Keywords: manganese(III) acetate, dihydrofuran, radicals

1. Introduction

Manganese(III) acetate has received considerable attention over the past several decades, and remains a useful tool for carbon-carbon bond formation [1,2,3,4]. Its specificity for carbonyl derivatives allows a wide variety of radical synthetic applications, leading to various structures like pyrrolidinones [5], γ-lactones [6,7], tetralins [8,9] or spirocyclic derivatives [10,11,12]. Within our research program directed towards the development of original synthesis methods in medicinal chemistry [13,14,15,16,17], we have explored the radical cyclization of β-ketosulfones [18,19] mediated by manganese(III) acetate in order to synthesize dihydrofurans as potential antiparasitic compounds.

The valuable antileishmanial activities of the functionalized dihydrofurans obtained call for pharmacomodulation starting from new alkene building blocks. Dihydrofuran derivatives are known to have other useful pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial [20,21,22], antifungal [20,21] and anticancer activity [23], as well as being valuable potential intermediates in the synthesis of various substances [24]. A wide variety of methods yielding dihydrofurans and cyclopropanes substituted by a sulfonyl group have been developed [25,26,27,28,29]. We report here the reactivity of two alkenes, α-methylstyrene and trans-stilbene, extending previous work on styrene, allylbenzene [30], 1.1-diphenylethylene and derivatives [30,31] and the α,β-ethylenic ketone series [32].

2. Results and Discussion

β-ketosulfones 1-5 were synthesized using previously reported methods [33,34]. As reported in the literature [35,36,37], we observed formation of β-ketosulfones rather than β-ketosulfinate esters. An aqueous solution of sodium benzene sulfinate and the corresponding 2-bromoacetophenone was irradiated at 500 W, 100 °C in a microwave oven for 45 min to give sulfones 1–4 in good yields (61–92%) (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Open in a new tab

Microwave assisted synthesis of β-ketosulfones 1–4.

β-Ketosulfone 5 was synthesized starting with bromination of the corresponding ketone, and substitution with benzene sodium sulfinate without further purification (Scheme 2). The β-ketosulfone derivatives thus obtained are presented in Table 1.

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

Open in a new tab

β-ketosulfone 5 microwave assisted synthesis.

Table 1.

Microwave assisted synthesis of β-ketosulfones.

Entry Product Yields a
1 graphic file with name molecules-18-04293-i001.jpg 92%
2 graphic file with name molecules-18-04293-i002.jpg 61%
3 graphic file with name molecules-18-04293-i003.jpg 89%
4 graphic file with name molecules-18-04293-i004.jpg 88%
5 graphic file with name molecules-18-04293-i005.jpg 65%
Open in a new tab

a Yield of isolated product based on the corresponding ketone.

A suspension of manganese(III) acetate in glacial acetic acid was irradiated at 200 W in a microwave oven at 80 °C for 15 min until solubilization. β-Ketosulfones 1–5 and the corresponding alkenes were added to this solution and the mixture was then irradiated at 200 W, 80 °C for 45 min.

Using α-methylstyrene as starting alkene, the desired 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives 6–10, were obtained (Scheme 3) in moderate yields (34–51%, Table 2), with several inseparable secondary products. Attempts were made to increase these yields by adjusting several parameters [Cu(OAc)2, more equivalents of alkene, more equivalents of Mn(OAc)3] without effect .

Scheme 3.

Scheme 3

Open in a new tab

Mn(OAc)3 mediated β-ketosulfone reactivity in the α-methylstyrene series.

Table 2.

Oxidative cyclizations mediated by Mn(OAc)3.

Entry β-ketosulfone/alkene Product/Yields a
1 1/α-methylstyrene Inline graphic/43%
2 2/α-methylstyrene Inline graphic/34%
3 3/α-methylstyrene Inline graphic/35%
4 4/α-methylstyrene Inline graphic/51%
5 5/α-methylstyrene Inline graphic/45%
6 1/ trans-stilbene Inline graphic/21% Inline graphic/12%
7 2/ trans-stilbene Inline graphic/13% Inline graphic/10%
8 3/ trans-stilbene Inline graphic/12% Inline graphic/5%
9 4/ trans-stilbene Inline graphic/25% Inline graphic/13%
10 5/ trans-stilbene Inline graphic/23%
Open in a new tab

a Yield of isolated product based on the corresponding sulfone.

The yield (43%) obtained with 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (1) is consistent with previous results [30]. Dihydrofuran was obtained with a lower yield (32%) when the same β-ketosulfone reacted with styrene under the same conditions. Moreover, a better yield (48%) was obtained in the 1,1-diphenylethylenic series. Yields obtained from radical oxidative cyclization of β-ketosulfones directly depend on the stability of the carbon centered radical of intermediate product B (Scheme 4). Starting from α-methylstyrene, this radical stability appears to be intermediate between the stability of the radical from styrene and the radical from 1,1-diphenylethylene.

Scheme 4.

Scheme 4

Open in a new tab

Suggested mechanism of the reaction of β-ketosulfones and Mn(OAc)3.

Using trans-stilbene as starting alkene, 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives 11–15 were obtained (Scheme 5) in moderate yields (12–25%, Table 2) and original cyclopropanes 16–19 were also obtained in low yields (5–13%). With 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (1) 24% of the starting material was recovered, along with several inseparable products. Dihydrofuran and cyclopropane yields were slightly increased by using 3 equiv. of Mn(OAc)3, but not by using Cu(OAc)2 or more equivalents of alkene.

Scheme 5.

Scheme 5

Open in a new tab

Mn(OAc)3 mediated reactivity of β-ketosulfones in the trans-stilbene series.

From analysis of the 1H-NMR spectra of synthesized products 11–19 and comparison with the previously reported results, we conclude that dihydrofuran and cyclopropane derivatives were obtained diastereoselectively from β-ketosulfones 1–4 as the corresponding trans isomers.

Both protons of the dihydrofuran rings in 11–14 display two doublets at mean values of 5.50 and 4.50 ppm, with a vicinal coupling constant J between 5.0 and 5.6 Hz. For cis-2,3-dihydrofuran, the vicinal coupling constant of the two methine protons proved to be J = 7–10 Hz, while for trans-2,3-dihydrofuran the vicinal coupling constant J = 4–7 Hz [38]. Moreover, these results agree with previous studies reporting trans-dihydrofuran diastereoselective synthesis via Mn(OAc)3 mediated radical oxidative cyclizations starting from 1,2-disubstituted alkenes and β-ketonitriles [39,40] or β-ketoesters [41]. One of these studies [40] showed that the stereochemistry of Mn(OAc)3 mediated oxidative cyclizations is not influenced by the stereochemistry of the starting alkene (cis or trans-stilbene).

To our knowledge, few studies have reported intramolecular cyclopropanation under Mn(OAc)3 reactivity [42,43,44,45], and only one reported intermolecular reactions between oxabenzonorbornadiene and dimedone [46]. As Mn(OAc)3-mediated intermolecular cyclopropanation with trans-stilbene or a similar 1,2-disubstituted alkene has never been reported, the structure of cyclopropane 16 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis (Figure 1). As specified in previous studies [44], Mn(OAc)3 mediated cyclopropanation should come from the cation C (Schem 4), which reacted rapidly with the enolic form of β-ketosulfone to close the cyclopropane ring.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Open in a new tab

ORTEP view of compound 16.

β-ketosulfone 5 led to cis-dihydrofuran 15 with vicinal coupling constant J = 8.0 Hz. o-Nitro substitution appears to have reversed the diastereoselectivity and inhibited the cyclopropanation, probably through the stereoelectronic effects of the nitro group during the final cyclization step. Further research is in progress to explore this original mechanism.

3. Experimental

3.1. General

Microwave-assisted reactions were performed in a multimode microwave oven (ETHOS Synth Lab Station, Ethos start, Milestone Inc., Rockford, IL, USA). Melting points were determined with a B-540 Büchi melting point apparatus. 1H-NMR (200 MHz) and 13C-NMR (50 MHz) spectra were recorded on a Bruker ARX 200 spectrometer in CDCl3 or D2O at the Service Interuniversitaire de RMN de la Faculté de Pharmacie de Marseille. The 1H chemical shifts were reported as parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane (Me4Si), and the 13C chemical shifts were referenced to the solvent peaks: CDCl3 (76.9 ppm) or DMSO-d6 (39.6 ppm). Absorptions were reported with the following notations: s, singlet; bs, broad singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, a more complex multiplet or overlapping multiplets. Elemental analysis and mass spectra, run on an API-QqToF mass spectrometer, were carried out at the Spectropole de la Faculté des Sciences site Saint-Jérôme. Mass spectra, run on a MicrOToF Q mass spectrometer, were carried out at the Plateforme Protéomique Innovation Technologique Timone (PIT2) UMR 911 Faculté de Pharmacie. The following adsorbent was used for flash column chromatography: silica gel 60 (Merck, particle size 0.040–0.063 nm, 70–230 mesh ASTM). TLC were performed on 5 cm × 10 cm aluminium plates coated with silica gel 60 F-254 (Merck) in an appropriate solvent.

3.2. General Procedure for the Synthesis of β-Ketosulfones 1–5

Method A, starting from α-bromoacetophenone: To a solution of sodium benzene sulfinate (4.1 mmol, 2 equiv.) in water (30 mL), an ethanolic solution of the corresponding acetophenone (2.05 mmol, 1 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux in a microwave oven under irradiation (500 W, 100 °C) during 45 min. The precipitate thus formed was filtered and crystallized from the appropriate solvent.

Method B, starting from acetophenone: To a solution of 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone (3 g, 18.00 mmol, 1 equiv.) in chloroform (15 mL), a bromine (2.9 g, 18.00 mmol, 1 equiv.) solution in chloroform (7 mL) was slowly added. After 1 h at rt, the reaction mixture was washed 3 times with a saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate, and concentrated under vacuum. A solution of sodium benzene sulfinate (6 g, 36.00 mmol, 2 equiv.) in water (30 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux in a microwave oven under irradiation (500 W, 100 °C) during 45 min. The precipitate thus formed was filtered and crystallized from the appropriate solvent.

1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (1). Colorless crystals, mp 138 °C (ethanol) (Lit. [47,48]: 136–138 °C), yield 92%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3), δ: 8.34 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (m, 3H), 4.77 (s, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3), δ: 64.0 (CH2), 124.0 (2CH), 128.5 (2CH), 129.4 (2CH), 130.5 (2CH), 134.6 (CH), 138.4 (C), 140.0 (C), 186.8 (C=O), 1C not observed in these conditions.

4-(2-(Phenylsulfonyl)acetyl)benzonitrile (2) [19]. White solid, mp 150–151 °C (isopropanol); yield 61%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3), δ: 4.74 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.53–7.72 (m, 3H, 3CH), 7.79 (d, J = 8.3, 2H, 2CH), 7.85–7.89 (m, 2H, 2CH), 8.07 (d, J = 8.3, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3), δ: 63.7 (CH2), 117.5 (2C), 128.5 (2CH), 129.4 (2CH), 129.7 (2CH), 132.6 (2CH), 134.6(CH), 138.4 (C), 138.5 (C), 197.0 (C).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (3). White solid; mp 135–137 °C (isopropanol) (Lit. [49]: 133–135 °C); yield 89%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.70 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.44–7.73 (m, 5H, 5CH), 7.86–7.92 (m, 4H, 4CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 63.6 (CH2), 128.5 (2CH), 129.2 (2CH), 129.3 (2CH), 130.7 (2CH), 134.0 (C), 134.4 (CH), 138.5 (C), 141.1 (C), 186.8 (C).

1-(3-Nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (4). White solid; mp 127–129 °C (isopropanol) (Lit. [50]: 128–129 °C); yield 88%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.79 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.53–7.61 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.67–7.77 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.87–7.91 (m, 2H, 2CH), 8.34 (ddd, J1 = 1.1, J2 = 1.5, J3 = 7.8, 1H, CH), 8.48 (ddd, J1 = 1.1, J2 = 2.1, J3 = 8.2, 1H, CH), 8.73–8.75 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 63.7 (CH2), 124.1 (CH), 128.4 (CH), 128.5 (2CH), 129.4 (2CH), 130.2 (CH), 134.6 (CH), 134.8 (CH), 136.8 (C), 138.3 (C), 148.5 (C), 186.2 (C).

1-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethanone (5). Yellow oil; yield 65%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.61 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.54–7.70 (m, 5H, 5CH), 7.73–7.84 (m, 1H, CH), 7.88–7.92 (m, 2H, 2CH), 8.12–8.16 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 66.6 (CH2), 124.2 (CH), 128.3 (2CH), 129.0 (CH), 129.4 (2CH), 131.5 (CH), 134.4 (CH), 135.0 (CH), 136.2 (C), 138.7 (C), 145.1 (C), 189.8 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C14H11NO5S M+Na+: 328.0250. Found: 328.02471.

3.3. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Dihydrofurans 6–10

A suspension of manganese(III) acetate dihydrate (1.84 g, 6.87 mmol, 2.1 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (30 mL) was heated under microwave irradiation (200 W, 80 °C) for 15 min, until dissolution. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled down to 50 °C, and a solution of the corresponding β-keto-sulfone (3.27 mmol, 1 equiv.) and α-methylstyrene (1.16 g, 9.81 mmol, 3 equiv.) in acetic acid (5 mL) was added. The mixture was heated under microwave irradiation (200 W, 80 °C) for 45 min. The reaction mixture was poured into 200 mL of cold water, and extracted with chloroform (3 × 40 mL). The organic extracts were collected and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (3 × 40 mL) and dried (MgSO4). Solvent evaporation was followed by column chromatography (petroleum ether/chloroform/diethyl ether 5/4.5/0.5), and the product obtained was recrystallized from isopropanol.

2-Methyl-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (6). White solid; mp 144–145 °C; yield 43%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 1.74 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.26 (d, J = 14.8, 1H, CH2), 3.38 (d, J = 14.8, 1H, CH2), 7.29–7.58 (m, 8H, 8CH), 7.70–7.74 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.94 (d, J = 8.9, 2H, 2CH), 8.30 (d, J = 8.9, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 29.1 (CH3), 45.8 (CH2), 89.7 (C), 112.6 (C), 123.0 (2CH), 124.0 (2CH), 126.9 (2CH), 128.0 (CH), 128.7 (2CH), 129.2 (2CH), 130.8 (2CH), 133.2 (CH), 134.7 (C), 141.1 (C), 144.3 (C), 149.0 (C), 159.6 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H19NO5S M+H+: 422.1057. Found: 422.1058.

4-(5-Methyl-5-phenyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)benzonitrile (7). White solid; mp 137–138 °C; yield 34%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 1.73 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.25 (d, J = 14.7, 1H, CH2), 3.37 (d, J = 14.7, 1H, CH2), 7.28–7.61 (m, 9H, 9CH), 7.68–7.76 (m, 3H, 3CH), 7.89 (d, J = 8.7, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 29.1 (CH3), 45.8 (CH2), 89.5 (C), 112.2 (C), 114.4 (C), 118.2 (C), 124.0 (2CH), 126.8 (2CH), 127.9 (CH), 128.7 (2CH), 129.1 (2CH), 130.3 (2CH), 131.6 (2CH), 132.9 (C), 133.2 (CH), 141.1 (C), 144.4 (C), 159.9 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C24H19NO3S M+H+: 402.1158. Found: 402.1157.

5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (8). White solid; mp 107–109 °C; yield 35%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 1.71 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.25 (d, J = 14.5, 1H, CH2), 3.36 (d, J = 14.5, 1H, CH2), 7.29–7.54 (m, 10H, 10CH), 7.68–7.77 (m, 4H, 4CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 29.0 (CH3), 45.9 (CH2), 88.8 (C), 110.2 (C), 124.1 (2CH), 126.7 (2CH), 127.0 (C), 127.7 (CH), 128.2 (2CH), 128.6 (2CH), 129.0 (2CH), 131.0 (2CH), 132.9 (CH), 137.2 (C), 141.6 (C), 144.7 (C), 161.2 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H19ClO3S M+H+: 411.0816. Found: 411.0813.

2-Methyl-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (9). Yellow oil; yield 51%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 1.75 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.27 (d, J = 14.7, 1H, CH2), 3.41 (d, J = 14.7, 1H, CH2), 7.24–7.79 (m, 11H, 11CH), 8.14–8.19 (m, 1H, CH), 8.31–8.37 (m, 1H, CH), 8.55–8.57 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 29.1 (CH3), 45.7 (CH2), 89.6 (C), 112.0 (C), 124.0 (2CH), 124.4 (CH), 125.5 (CH), 126.9 (2CH), 127.8 (CH), 128.4 (C), 128.7 (2CH), 129.0 (CH), 129.2 (2CH), 130.1 (C), 133.2 (CH), 135.8 (CH), 141.1 (C), 144.3 (C), 159.3 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H19NO5S M+Na+: 444.0876. Found: 444.0880.

2-Methyl-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (10). White solid; mp 104–105 °C; yield 45%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 1.75 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.12 (d, J = 14.2, 1H, CH2), 3.37 (d, J = 14.2, 1H, CH2), 7.31–7.36 (m, 4H, 4CH), 7.43–7.80 (m, 9H, 9CH), 8.15–8.20 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 28.7 (CH3), 44.8 (CH2), 91.0 (C), 111.1 (C), 124.3 (2CH), 124.5 (CH), 124.8 (C), 127.1 (2CH), 127.8 (CH), 128.6 (2CH), 129.1 (2CH), 131.2 (CH), 133.0 (CH), 133.1 (2CH), 140.7 (C), 144.5 (C), 147.5 (C), 159.6 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H19NO5S M+NH4+: 439.1322. Found: 439.1326.

3.4. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Dihydrofurans 11–15 and Cyclopropanes 16–19

A suspension of manganese(III) acetate dihydrate (2.63 g, 9.81 mmol, 3 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (30 mL) was heated under microwave irradiation (200 W, 80 °C) for 15 min, until dissolution. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled down to 50 °C, and a solution of the corresponding β-ketosulfone (3.27 mmol, 1 equiv.) and trans-stilbene (1.77 g, 9.81 mmol, 3 equiv.) in acetic acid (5 mL) was added. The mixture was heated under microwave irradiation (200 W, 80 °C) for 45 min. The reaction mixture was poured into 200 mL of cold water, and extracted with chloroform (3 × 40 mL). The organic extracts were collected and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (3 × 40 mL) and dried (MgSO4). Solvent evaporation was followed by column chromatography (petroleum ether/chloroform/diethyl ether 5/4.5/0.5), and the products obtained were recrystallized from isopropanol.

5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2,3-diphenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (11). Yellow solid; mp 178–180 °C; yield 21%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.50 (d, J = 5.6, 1H, CH), 5.56 (d, J = 5.6, 1H, CH), 7.14–7.42 (m, 15H, 15CH), 8.03 (d, J = 8.8, 2H, 2CH), 8.32 (d, J = 8.8, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 59.2 (CH), 92.0 (CH), 117.5 (C), 123.1 (2CH), 125.1 (2CH), 127.1 (2CH), 127.8 (2CH), 127.9 (CH), 128.6 (2CH), 129.0 (2CH), 129.1 (2CH), 129.9 (CH), 132.8 (CH), 134.7 (C), 139.6 (C), 140.3 (C), 141.4 (C), 149.2 (C), 161.9 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21NO5S M+Na+: 506.1033. Found: 506.1032.

4-(4,5-Diphenyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)benzonitrile (12). Yellow solid; mp 182–184 °C; yield 13%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.48 (d, J = 5.5, 1H, CH), 5.54 (d, J = 5.5, 1H, CH), 7.13–7.30 (m, 8H, 8CH), 7.36–7.45 (m, 7H, 7CH), 7.76 (d, J = 8.6, 2H, 2CH), 7.98 (d, J = 8.6, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 59.2 (CH), 91.8 (CH), 114.7 (C), 117.1 (C), 118.1 (C), 125.1 (2CH), 127.1 (2CH), 127.8 (2CH), 128.6 (2CH), 129.1 (2CH), 130.4 (2CH), 131.7 (2CH), 132.8 (CH), 132.9 (C), 139.7 (C), 140.5 (C), 141.4 (C), 162.2 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C29H21NO3S M+Na+: 486.1134. Found: 486.1131.

5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,3-diphenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (13). White solid; mp 170–171 °C; yield 12%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.46 (d, J = 5.0, 1H, CH), 5.51 (d, J = 5.0, 1H, CH), 7.17–7.41 (m, 15H, 15CH), 7.45 (d, J = 8.5, 2H, 2CH), 7.82 (d, J = 8.5, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 59.3 (CH), 91.3 (CH), 115.3 (C), 125.0 (2CH), 126.9 (C), 127.0 (2CH), 127.7 (CH), 127.8 (2CH), 128.4 (2CH), 128.5 (2CH), 128.8 (CH), 129.0 (4CH), 131.1 (2CH), 132.5 (CH), 137.6 (C), 140.1 (C), 141.1 (C), 141.9 (C), 163.5 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21ClO3S M+Na+: 495.0792. Found: 495.07884.

5-(3-Nitrophenyl)-2,3-diphenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (14). White solid; mp 147–148 °C; yield 25%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.56 (d, J = 5.6, 1H, CH), 5.57 (d, J = 5.6, 1H, CH), 7.22–7.32 (m, 11H, 11CH), 7.38–7.42 (m, 4H, 4CH), 7.65–7.73 (m, 1H, CH), 8.23–8.26 (m, 1H, CH), 8.36–8.42 (m, 1H, CH), 8.63–8.65 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 59.1 (CH), 92.0 (CH), 117.0 (C), 124.7 (CH), 125.2 (2CH), 125.8 (CH), 127.2 (2CH), 127.9 (2CH), 128.7 (2CH), 129.1 (2CH), 129.2 (2CH), 129.3 (CH), 130.2 (C), 132.8 (CH), 135.8 (CH), 139.6 (C), 140.5 (C), 141.5 (C), 147.7 (C), 161.7 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21NO5S M+Na+: 506.1032. Found: 506.1034.

5-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2,3-diphenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran (15). White solid; mp 155–156 °C; yield 23%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 4.62 (d, J = 8.0, 1H, CH), 5.66 (d, J = 8.0, 1H, CH), 7.08–7.20 (m, 9H, 9CH), 7.28–7.39 (m, 6H, 6CH), 7.67–7.87 (m, 3H, 3CH), 8.24–8.18 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 58.7 (CH), 93.8 (CH), 115.8 (C), 124.7 (CH), 125.0 (C), 125.8 (2CH), 127.2 (2CH), 127.6 (2CH), 128.5 (2CH), 128.6 (2CH), 128.8 (2CH), 128.9 (CH), 129.0 (2CH), 131.4 (CH), 132.5 (CH), 133.3 (CH), 133.4 (CH), 139.3 (C), 139.4 (C), 141.3 (C), 147.4 (C), 162.0 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21NO5S M+NH4+: 501.1479. Found: 501.1482.

(2,3-Diphenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)cyclopropyl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone (16). White solid; mp 223 °C; yield 12%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 3.70 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 4.45 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 6.94–6.99 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.13–7.24 (m, 12H, 12CH), 7.46–7.53 (m, 1H, CH), 7.97 (d, J = 9.0, 2H, 2CH), 8.07 (d, J = 9.0, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 33.7 (CH), 34.0 (CH), 63.1 (C), 122.7 (2CH), 127.5 (2CH), 127.7 (CH), 128.0 (2CH), 128.1 (2CH), 128.4 (CH), 128.5 (2CH), 128.9 (2CH), 129.9 (2CH), 131.7 (2CH), 133.4 (CH), 138.7 (C), 140.3 (C), 150.1 (C), 190.8 (C). Anal. Calcd for C28H21NO5S: C, 69.55; H, 4.38; N, 2.90. Found: C, 69.48; H, 4.46; N, 2.94.

4-(2,3-Diphenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl)benzonitrile (17). White solid; mp 225–227 °C; yield 10%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 3.67 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 4.42 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 6.94–6.99 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.13–7.28 (m, 12H, 12CH), 7.45–7.51 (m, 1H, CH), 7.52 (d, J = 8.4, 2H, 2CH), 7.92 (d, J = 8.4, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 33.6 (CH), 33.9 (CH), 62.8 (C), 116.3 (C), 117.9 (C), 127.5 (2CH), 127.7 (CH), 128.0 (2CH), 128.1 (2CH), 128.3 (CH), 128.4 (2CH), 128.9 (2CH), 129.9 (2CH), 130.2 (C), 131.0 (2CH), 131.4 (2CH), 133.2 (C), 133.4 (CH), 138.6 (C), 138.8 (C), 190.9 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C29H21NO3S M+Na+: 486.1134. Found: 486.1133.

(4-Chlorophenyl)(2,3-diphenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)cyclopropyl)methanone (18). White solid; mp 97–98 °C; yield 5%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 3.67 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 4.38 (d, J = 9.4, 1H, CH), 6.99–7.03 (m, 1H, CH), 7.13–7.24 (m, 4H, 4CH), 7.42–7.53 (m, 8H, 8CH), 7.61–7.68 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.76–7.87 (m, 2H, 2CH), 7.96 (d, J = 8.5, 2H, 2CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 33.7 (CH), 33.8 (CH), 63.0 (C), 121.5 (2CH), 127.5 (CH), 128.0 (2CH), 128.4 (C), 128.5 (2CH), 128.7 (CH), 128.9 (2CH), 129.0 (2CH), 129.9 (2CH), 130.7 (2CH), 132.2 (CH), 134.7 (C), 136.5 (C), 139.2 (C), 145.3 (2CH), 189.2 (C). 1C not observed in these conditions. HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21ClO3S M+Na+: 495.0792. Found: 495.0792.

(2,3-Diphenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)cyclopropyl)(3-nitrophenyl)methanone (19). Yellow solid; mp 116–118 °C; yield 13%. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δH 3.71 (d, J = 9.3, 1H, CH), 4.48 (d, J = 9.3, 1H, CH), 6.94–7.25 (m, 8H, 8CH), 7.39–7.95 (m, 8H, 8CH), 8.13–8.48 (m, 2H, 2CH), 8.63–8.86 (m, 1H, CH). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δC 33.3 (CH), 33.7 (CH), 62.7 (C), 120.6 (CH), 123.3 (CH), 127.1 (CH), 127.5 (2CH), 127.7 (C), 128.1 (2CH), 128.3 (C), 128.5 (CH), 128.7 (2CH), 128.9 (CH), 129.1 (2CH), 129.9 (2CH), 131.2 (CH), 132.9 (C), 134.1 (CH), 134.3 (C), 139.5 (C), 190.0 (C). HMRS (ESI): m/z calcd for C28H21NO5S M+NH4+: 501.1479. Found: 501.1483.

3.5. X-ray Structure Determination of Compounds 16

Crystal data for compound 16: C28H21NO5S, M = 483.52, monoclinic, a = 13.6866(5) Å, b = 10.2670(4) Å, c = 17.8561(9) Å, α = 90°, β = 102.777(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 2447.01(18) Å3, T = 293(2) K, space group P21/c, Z = 4, μ(MoKα) = 0.172 mm−1, 18832 reflections measured, 5869 independent reflections (Rint = 0.145). The final R1 values were 0.1086 (I > 2σ(I)). The final wR(F2) values were 0.1595 (I > 2σ(I)). The final R1 values were 0.2171 (all data). The final wR(F2) values were 0.2003 (all data). The goodness of fit on F2 was 1.094. Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures 16 have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) under the number 918793. Copies of the data can be obtained, free of charge, on application to CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK, (fax: +44-(0)1223-336033 or e-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk).

4. Conclusions

Thanks to the radical reactivity of Mn(OAc)3, we synthesized 10 new functionalized dihydrofurans, which could offer antiparasitic activities. Starting from trans-stilbene alkene, a diastereoselectivity reversion of dihydrofuran was observed with ortho-substituted β-ketosulfones. Moreover, four original cyclopropanes were obtained in low yields. This original cyclopropanation reaction could be a very valuable tool in organic synthesis and additional research seeking to enhance yields is currently in progress.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University. We would like to express our thanks to Vincent Remusat for RMN spectra recording, Thérèse Schembri and Valérie Monnier for mass spectra recording.

Footnotes

Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 1–18 are available from the authors.

References

  • 1.Melikyan G.G. Manganese(III) mediated reactions of unsaturated systems. Synthesis. 1993;9:833–850. doi: 10.1055/s-1993-25951. and references therein. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Snider B.B. Manganese(III)-based oxidative free-radical cyclizations. Chem. Rev. 1996;96:339–363. doi: 10.1021/cr950026m. and references therein. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Demir A.S., Emrullahoglu M. Manganese(III) acetate: A versatile reagent in organic chemistry. Curr. Org. Synth. 2007;4:321–350. doi: 10.2174/157017907781369289. and references therein. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Burton J.W. Manganese(III) Acetate, CAN, and Fe(III) Salts in Oxidative Radical Chemistry. In: Chatgilialoglu C., Studer A., editors. Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials. 1st ed. Volume 2. Wiley; Chichester, UK: 2012. pp. 901–943. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Keane H.A., Hess W., Burton J.W. Manganese(III)-mediated radical cyclizations for the (Z)-selective synthesis of exo-alkylidenepyrrolidinones and pyrrolidines. Chem. Commun. 2012;48:6496–6498. doi: 10.1039/c2cc32382f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Curry L., Hallside M.S., Powell L.H., Sprague S.J., Burton J.W. Manganese(III)-mediated oxidative free-radical cyclisations of allenyl malonates. Tetrahedron. 2009;65:10882–10892. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Davies J.J., Krulle T.M., Burton J.W. Total synthesis of 7,11-cyclobotryococca-5,12,26-triene using an oxidative radical cyclization as key step. Org. Lett. 2010;12:2738–2741. doi: 10.1021/ol100794k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Citterio A., Sebastiano R., Marion A., Santi R. Synthesis of substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes by manganese(III), cerium(IV), and iron(III) oxidation of substituted diethyl .alpha.-benzylmalonates in the presence of olefins. J. Org. Chem. 1991;56:5328–5335. doi: 10.1021/jo00018a023. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Bergamini F., Citterio A., Gatti N., Nicolini M., Santi R., Sebastiano R. Metal-induced electrochemical oxidation of diethyl benzylmalonates in the presence of alkenes and alkynes. Synthesis of substituted tetrahydro- and dihydro-naphthalenes. J. Chem. Res. 1993;9:364–366. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Cossy J., Leblanc C. New synthesis of lactams and spirolactams radical cyclization induced by manganese(III) acetate. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989;30:4531–4534. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80737-1. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Mellor J.M., Mohammed S. Synthesis of oxaspirolactones by manganic acetate promoted addition to exocyclic enol lactones. Tetrahedron. 1993;49:7547–7556. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87229-X. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Bouhlel A., Curti C., Bertrand M.P., Vanelle P. Access to original spirocyclic derivatives via inter- or intramolecular reaction mediated by manganese(III) acetate. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:3596–3604. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.004. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Vanelle P., Maldonado J., Madadi N., Gueiffier A., Teulade J.C., Chapat J.P., Crozet M.P. SRN1 reactions in imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine series. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990;31:3013–3016. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89012-7. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Roubaud C., Vanelle P., Maldonado J., Crozet M.P. Synthèse et réactions SRN1 en série 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. Tetrahedron. 1995;51:9643–9656. doi: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00539-K. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.El-Kashef H.S., El-Emary T.I., Gasquet M., Timon-David P., Maldonado J., Vanelle P. New pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines: synthesis and biological activity. Pharmazie. 2000;55:572–576. doi: 10.1002/chin.200047151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Gellis A., Kovacic H., Boufatah N., Vanelle P. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of some benzimidazole-4,7-diones as bioreductive anticancer agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2008;43:1858–1864. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.11.020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Cohen A., Crozet M.D., Rathelot P., Vanelle P. An efficient aqueous microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in the thiazole series. Green Chem. 2009;11:1736–1742. doi: 10.1039/b916123f. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Paloque L., Bouhlel A., Curti C., Dumètre A., Verhaeghe P., Azas N., Vanelle P. Synthesis and evaluation of monoamidoxime derivatives: Toward new antileishmanial compounds. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2011;46:2984–2991. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Bouhlel A., Curti C., Dumètre A., Laget M., Crozet M.D., Azas N., Vanelle P. Synthesis and evaluation of original amidoximes as antileishmanial agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2010;18:7310–7320. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Logoglu E., Yilmaz M., Katircioglu H., Yakut M., Mercan S. Synthesis and biological activity studies of furan derivatives. Med. Chem. Res. 2010;19:490–497. doi: 10.1007/s00044-009-9206-8. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Findik E., Dingil A., Karaman I., Budak Y., Ceylan M. Synthesis of multi-substituted 4,5-dihydrofuran derivatives from (S)-limonene and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and their biological activities. E. J. Chem. 2009;6:S53–S58. doi: 10.1155/2009/353268. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Avetisyan A.A., Karapetyan L.V., Paronikyan R.V., Stepanyan H.M. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of new 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives. Pharm. Chem. J. 2011;45:156–158. doi: 10.1007/s11094-011-0582-2. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Zhang Y., Zhong H., Wang T., Geng D., Zhang M., Li K. Synthesis of novel 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2012;48:69–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Kilroy T.G., O’Sullivan T.P., Guiry P.J. Synthesis of dihydrofurans substituted in the 2-position. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005;23:4929–4949. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Cao W., Zhang H., Chen J., Zhou X., Shao M., McMills M.C. Stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted trans-2,3-dihydrofuran and trans-2,3-cyclopropane derivatives containing sulfonyl groups. Tetrahedron. 2008;64:163–167. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.073. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Lee J.W., Dong Y. I2-Induced Enoletherification of α-Allyl Substituted β-Keto Sulfones; A route to 3-phenylsulfonyl-2,5-disubstituted Furans. Heterocycles. 1990;31:1417–1421. doi: 10.3987/COM-90-5432. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Feldman K.S., Wrobleski M.L. Alkynyliodonium salts in organic synthesis. Dihydrofuran formation via a formal stevens shift of a carbon substituent within a disubstituted-carbon oxonium ylide. J. Org. Chem. 2000;65:8659–8668. doi: 10.1021/jo0011080. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Makosza M., Judka M. New reactions of γ-halo carbanions: Simple synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans. Chemistry. 2002;8:4234–4240. doi: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020916)8:18<4234::AID-CHEM4234>3.0.CO;2-G. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Bernard A.M., Frongia A., Piras P.P., Secci F., Spiga M. Regioselective synthesis of trisubstituted 2,3-dihydrofurans from donor−acceptor cyclopropanes or from reaction of the corey ylide with α-sulfenyl-, α-sulfinyl-, or α-sulfonylenones. Org. Lett. 2005;7:4565–4568. doi: 10.1021/ol0514606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Curti C., Crozet M.D., Vanelle P. Microwave improved manganese(III) acetate based oxidative cyclizations of alkenes with β-ketosulfones. Tetrahedron. 2009;65:200–205. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.080. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Qian C.Y., Nishino H., Kurosawa K. Manganese(III)-mediated free-radical cyclization of active methylene compounds, alkenes and molecular oxygen. Syntheses of sulfur- and phosphorous- containing 1,2-dioxa-3-ols. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1993;30:209–216. doi: 10.1002/jhet.5570300136. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Shanmugam P.N., Hemanth Kumar K.I., Perumal P.N.T. Mn(III) acetate mediated diasteroselective [3+2] oxidative addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with chalcones. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2007;44:827–830. doi: 10.1002/jhet.5570440412. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Sunitha P., Shiva Kumar K., Rama Rao B., Venkateshwarlu G. Microwave assisted efficient synthesis of β-ketosulfones in aqueous medium. Green Chem. Lett. Rev. 2008;1:179–183. doi: 10.1080/17518250802587873. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Andreani A., Leoni A., Rambaldi M., Locatelli A., Bossa R., Galatulas I., Chiericozzi M., Bissoli M. Dihydropyridines bearing an imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole system. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 1997;32:151–157. doi: 10.1016/S0223-5234(97)87542-3. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Suryakiran N., Prabhakar P., Rajesh K., Suresh V., Venkatesmarlu Y. Synthesis of β-ketosulfones using ionic liquid [TPA][Pro] as an efficient and reusable reaction medium. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 2007;270:20–204. [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Srinivas K., Dubey P.K. Zinc-mediated tandem-one-pot facile synthesis of 1-(arylsulfonyl)aryl/heteryl methanes: a case of C-S bond formation. Synth. Commun. 2011;41:1584–1592. doi: 10.1080/00397911.2010.488310. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Meek J.S., Fowler J.S. O and S methylation of the ambident p-toluene sulfinate anion. J. Org. Chem. 1968;33:3422–3424. doi: 10.1021/jo01273a014. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Wang Q.-F., Hou H., Hui L., Yan C.-G. Diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydrofurans with pyridinium ylide assisted tandem reaction. J. Org. Chem. 2009;74:7403–7406. doi: 10.1021/jo901379h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Yilmaz M., Uzunalioglu N., Tarik Pekel A. Manganese(III) acetate based oxidative cyclizations of 3-oxopropanenitriles with conjugated alkenes and synthesis of 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron. 2005;61:8860–8867. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.019. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Deliomeroglu M.K., Dengiz C., Çalişkan R., Balci M. Mn(OAc)3-promoted sulfur-directed addition of an active methylene compound to alkenes. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:5838–5844. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.003. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Garzino F., Méou A., Brun P. Asymmetric Mn(III)-based radical synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrofurans. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000;41:9803–9807. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01729-9. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Ito Y., Jogo S., Fukuda N., Okumura R., Nishino H. Manganese(III) acetate specific intramolecular addition. Synthesis. 2011;9:1365–1374. [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Asahi K., Nishino H. Synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones by manganese(III) oxidation in ethanol. Synthesis. 2009;3:409–423. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1083324. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Oumar-Mahamat H., Moustrou C., Surzur J.-M., Bertrand M.P. Lactone synthesis by manganese(III)-mediated oxidative cyclization of allylic beta.-diesters. J. Org. Chem. 1989;54:5684–5688. doi: 10.1021/jo00285a014. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Snider B.B., Qinglin C. Oxidative and dehydrative cyclizations of nitroacetate esters with Mn(OAc)3. Tetrahedron. 2002;58:7821–7827. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00911-0. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Caliskan R., Pekel T., Watson W.H., Balci M. Unusual oxidative free-radical additions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to benzonorbornadiene and oxabenzonorbornadiene. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005;46:6227–6230. doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.051. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Borchardt A., Kopkowski A., Walilewski W., Zakrzewski A. Prace Wydzialu Nauk Technicznych seria A. 1990;18:35–41. [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Curti C., Laget M., Ortiz Carle A., Gellis A., Vanelle P. Rapid synthesis of sulfone derivatives as potential anti-infectious agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2007;42:880–884. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.12.015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.Xiang J., Ipek M., Suri V., Tam M., Xing Y., Huang N., Zhang Y., Tobin J., Mansour T.S., McKew J. β-Keto sulfones as inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I and the mechanism of action. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2007;15:4396–4405. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Enders D., Grossmann A., Huang H., Raabe G. Dual secondary amine/N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in the asymmetric Michael/Cross-Benzoin cascade reaction of β-oxo sulfones with enals. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2011;23:4298–4301. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecules are provided here courtesy of Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

RESOURCES