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. 2012 Dec 27;18(1):287–310. doi: 10.3390/molecules18010287

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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(A) Pseudo-complementary bases 2,6-diaminopurine and 2-thiouracil used in pcPNA; (B) D-lysine-base α-PNA; (C) Illustration of double-duplex invasion process of pcPNAs with additional positive charges. Electrostatic repulsion further destabilized the PNA-PNA duplex [36,37].