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. 2013 May 17;18(5):5858–5890. doi: 10.3390/molecules18055858

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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(a) General anatomical diagram of a mosquito. The dorsal diverticulum [DD], foregut [FG], hindgut [HG], midgut [MD], malpighian tubules [MT], esophagus [ES], proboscis [Pr], salivary glands [SG], and ventral diverticulum [VD] are indicated. (b) Synchrotron X-ray images of a female mosquito that has taken up the AuNP-incorporated chitosan microparticles. A white beam X-ray source (8–30 keV) is utilized to maximize the absorption capability of the designed X-ray contrast flow tracer. The images are captured at 5 h after the consumption of the microparticles. Scale bar 1000 μm in the side view of the mosquito. The scale bar is 200 μm for three magnified images (i, ii, and iii). The three white boxes indicate the thorax (i), upper abdomen (ii), and hypogastrium (iii) of a mosquito. (i) Side, (ii and iii) front views of the mosquito. Paths 1 and 2 in (i) indicate the two digestive routes specialized for the different foods consumption of a mosquito. The locations of the particles are highlighted by circles [81]. Adapted by permission from Elsevier.