Table 1.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of the six Pinus taxa.
| No. | Name of Components | RI | Relative Peak Area (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pt | Ptf | Pvm | Pvu | Ph | Pm | |||||||
| 1 | Tricyclene | 921 | 1.81 | 1.11 | 0.39 | - | 0.21 | - | ||||
| 2 | α-Thujene | 925 | 0.13 | 1.48 | 0.24 | - | 1.72 | 2.02 | ||||
| 3 | α-Pinene | 932 | 11.08 | 6.78 | 16.55 | 20.55 | 9.68 | 8.16 | ||||
| 4 | Camphene | 945 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.58 | - | 0.34 | 0.63 | ||||
| 5 | Sabinene | 970 | 0.15 | - | - | - | 0.18 | - | ||||
| 6 | β-Pinene | 978 | 2.29 | 0.95 | 1.45 | - | 0.35 | 2.99 | ||||
| 7 | Myrcene | 982 | - | - | 0.72 | - | 1.04 | - | ||||
| 8 | α-Phellandrene | 1003 | 0.26 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 9 | δ-3-Carene | 1008 | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.38 | - | 0.13 | 0.13 | ||||
| 10 | α-Terpinene | 1014 | - | - | 0.11 | - | 0.12 | 0.29 | ||||
| 11 | Limonene | 1024 | 0.41 | - | - | - | 0.09 | - | ||||
| 12 | β-Phellandrene | 1027 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.57 | - | 0.37 | 0.66 | ||||
| 13 | β-Ocimene | 1041 | - | - | 0.22 | - | 0.15 | - | ||||
| 14 | γ-Terpinene | 4056 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.33 | - | 0.13 | 0.52 | ||||
| 15 | α-Terpinolene | 4086 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.95 | - | 0.59 | 0.17 | ||||
| 16 | Terpinen-4-ol | 1161 | - | - | - | - | 0.15 | - | ||||
| 17 | α-Terpineol | 1175 | 3.43 | 2.62 | 3.32 | - | 1.32 | 3.34 | ||||
| 18 | Bornyl acetale | 1267 | 4.13 | 3.32 | 3.93 | 12.71 | 2.96 | 3.83 | ||||
| 19 | α-Cubebene | 1346 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.28 | - | 0.26 | 0.24 | ||||
| 20 | α-Rlangene | 1371 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.30 | - | 0.31 | 0.24 | ||||
| 21 | α-Copaene | 1379 | - | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.14 | ||||
| 22 | β-Bourbonene | 1388 | - | - | - | 1.13 | 0.12 | - | ||||
| 23 | β-Elemene | 1391 | 1.26 | 2.13 | 1.82 | - | 1.41 | 2.93 | ||||
| 24 | Longifolene | 1411 | 0.54 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 1.52 | 0.24 | - | ||||
| 25 | β-Caryophellene | 1421 | 22.36 | 20.83 | 24.08 | 26.31 | 18.26 | 18.48 | ||||
| 26 | α-Caryophellene | 1423 | 3.72 | - | - | - | 2.64 | 3.36 | ||||
| 27 | α-Guaiene | 1437 | 2.80 | 2.07 | 1.23 | 8.19 | 2.48 | 3.67 | ||||
| 28 | Aromadendrene | 1440 | 2.15 | 3.18 | 3.54 | - | 2.22 | 2.31 | ||||
| 29 | (E)-β-Farnesene | 1456 | 1.45 | 0.77 | - | 1.25 | 2.59 | - | ||||
| 30 | β-Santalene | 1458 | 0.47 | - | 0.83 | 1.27 | - | - | ||||
| 31 | α-Humulene | 1461 | - | - | 2.65 | - | 0.85 | - | ||||
| 32 | γ-Muurolene | 1472 | 1.06 | - | - | 2.30 | - | - | ||||
| 33 | Germacrene D | 1482 | 7.43 | 8.97 | 9.93 | 1.26 | 2.71 | 9.78 | ||||
| 34 | α-Amorphene | 1484 | 0.42 | 0.86 | 0.60 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.80 | ||||
| 35 | Aristolochene | 1486 | 2.10 | 3.56 | 2.95 | - | 3.03 | 3.71 | ||||
| 36 | β-Selinene | 1488 | 1.60 | - | 0.22 | 1.01 | 1.23 | - | ||||
| 37 | Phenylethyl-3 methyl butanoate | 1490 | 0.41 | 0.47 | - | 1.18 | 0.27 | - | ||||
| 38 | Phenylethyl isovalerate | 1491 | 0.74 | 1.69 | 1.49 | - | 0.14 | 1.23 | ||||
| 39 | epi-Cubebol | 1495 | 0.44 | 0.24 | - | 1.37 | 1.17 | - | ||||
| 40 | α-Selinene | 1496 | 1.72 | 2.42 | 2.34 | - | 3.53 | 2.91 | ||||
| 41 | Bicyclogermacrene | 1498 | - | 0.35 | - | 0.83 | 2.97 | - | ||||
| 42 | α-Muurolene | 1500 | 0.62 | - | - | 1.79 | - | - | ||||
| 43 | β-Cadinene | 1508 | 2.00 | - | 1.07 | - | - | 0.92 | ||||
| 44 | γ-Cadinene | 1517 | 3.72 | 9.74 | 2.19 | 3.45 | 2.23 | 1.62 | ||||
| 45 | δ-Cadinene | 1521 | 2.33 | 1.31 | - | - | 2.57 | - | ||||
| 46 | Cadina-1,4-diene | 1525 | - | - | - | - | 0.12 | 1.55 | ||||
| 47 | α-Cadinene | 1533 | - | - | - | - | 0.19 | 1.36 | ||||
| 48 | α-Calacorene | 1542 | 0.61 | 0.16 | 0.35 | - | 0.11 | 0.51 | ||||
| 49 | (E)-Nerolidol | 1546 | 0.24 | 1.31 | 0.35 | - | 1.17 | 2.50 | ||||
| 50 | Occidentalol | 1553 | - | - | - | - | 2.33 | - | ||||
| 51 | Germacrene B | 1557 | 0.20 | 1.50 | 0.81 | - | 0.22 | 0.12 | ||||
| 52 | (Z)-3-Hexenyl benzoate | 1567 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.58 | - | 0.71 | 1.22 | ||||
| 53 | Longipinaol | 1573 | - | 0.15 | - | - | 1.77 | 0.64 | ||||
| 54 | Spathulenol | 1579 | 0.23 | - | 0.60 | 1.25 | 0.65 | - | ||||
| 55 | Caryophyllene oxide | 1585 | 0.30 | 3.59 | 1.16 | - | - | 1.74 | ||||
| 56 | Globulol | 1593 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.40 | - | 2.62 | 1.18 | ||||
| 57 | β-Calacorene | 1596 | 2.25 | 1.40 | 2.44 | 3.64 | 1.28 | - | ||||
| 58 | β-Oplopenone | 1608 | 0.49 | 2.87 | 0.81 | - | 0.18 | 1.91 | ||||
| 59 | δ-Cadinol | 1646 | - | 0.44 | 0.61 | - | 2.98 | 0.91 | ||||
| 60 | α-Cadinol | 1652 | - | - | - | 1.55 | - | - | ||||
| 61 | α-Eudesmol | 1654 | 0.17 | 0.74 | - | - | 1.74 | 1.76 | ||||
| 62 | β-Bisabolal | 1672 | 0.15 | - | - | - | 0.76 | 1.98 | ||||
| 63 | Pentadecanal | 1718 | 0.17 | 0.18 | - | - | 0.48 | 1.21 | ||||
| 64 | Benzyl benzoate | 1733 | 1.10 | 0.90 | 0.69 | - | - | - | ||||
| 65 | Octadecane | 1798 | 0.23 | 2.07 | - | - | 2.54 | - | ||||
| 66 | Cubitene | 1877 | 0.56 | - | 0.29 | 0.48 | - | - | ||||
| 67 | Laurenene | 1881 | 0.52 | - | - | - | 0.36 | - | ||||
| 68 | Pimaradiene | 1943 | 0.23 | 0.62 | - | - | 0.47 | - | ||||
| 69 | Neocembrene | 1960 | 0.14 | 0.11 | - | 1.69 | 1.87 | 0.18 | ||||
| 70 | Sclareol | 1973 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.26 | - | 1.38 | - | ||||
| 71 | Manoyl oxide | 1993 | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 72 | Palustradiene | 2005 | - | 0.22 | - | - | 0.36 | 2.18 | ||||
| Total percentage a | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.48 | ||||||
| Essential oil (%) content | 93.76 | 95.03 | 95.93 | 95.00 | 95.77 | 97.03 | ||||||
RI: retention index according to n-hydrocarbons (C6–C22) on the HP-5MS column; Pt: P. tabulaeformis; Ptf: P. tabulaeformis f. shekanensis; Pvm: P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis; Pvu: P. tabulaeformis var. umbraculifera; Ph: P. henryi; Pm: P. massoniana; a Percentage of the total peak area. Components with percentage ≥ 0.1% are presented; -: not detected.