Table 3.
Concentration of volatile compounds in goji berry fermented wine.
| Volatile (µg/L) | DF | DF-G | DP | DP-G | FF | FF-G | FP | FP-G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volatile acids | ||||||||
| DMECAd | 40.8 ± 1.5 a * | 41.2 ± 1.0 a | 39.8 ± 0.7 a | 41.3 ± 1.4 a | 2.5 ± 0.0 b | 2.5 ± 0.1 b | 2.6 ± 0.2 b | 2.4 ± 0.1 b |
| Acetic acid | 172.6 ± 53.0 bc | 199.8 ± 96.6 bc | 135.5 ± 81.7 c | 177.3 ± 32.0 bc | 469.4 ± 122.5 abc | 417.6 ± 86.1 abc | 639.3 ± 121.1 a | 525.3 ± 101.0 ab |
| Butanoic acid | 1506.8 ± 135.7 a | 1489.4 ± 359.1 a | 1488.7 ± 213.3 a | 1503.4 ± 69.9 a | 414.3 ± 99.4 b | 412.4 ± 13.0 b | 418.2 ± 71.9 b | 373.7 ± 5.8 b |
| α-Methylbutyric acid | 1532.2 ± 42.6 a | 1450.2 ± 188.3 a | 1544.0 ± 210.31 a | 1519.5 ± 14.8 a | 531.2 ± 104.0 b | 488.5 ± 6.4 b | 539.4 ± 9.3 b | 473.4 ± 5.3 b |
| Octanoic acid | 1018.7 ± 49.8 a | 819.8 ± 297.4 a | 1045.5 ± 122.6 a | 914.2 ± 10.2 a | 740.8 ± 318.8 a | 598.5 ± 172.9 a | 610.5 ± 39.9 a | 563.6 ± 38.0 a |
| Decanoic acid | 2712.4 ± 146.2 a | 2186.8 ± 995.4 a | 6053.6 ± 1901.4 a | 3325.7 ± 203.0 a | 5047.2 ± 1410.4 a | 4215.8 ± 1303.4 a | 2570.7 ± 28.2 a | 2752.2 ± 385.4 a |
| Total | 6983.5 ± 340.5 ab | 6187.3 ± 1936.0 ab | 10306.8 ± 1274.1 a | 7481.4 ± 98.0 ab | 7205.3 ± 2055.1 ab | 6135.4 ± 1568.9 ab | 4780.6 ± 195.3 b | 4690.6 ± 235.5 b |
| Higher alcohols | ||||||||
| 2-Methyl-1-propanol | 35548.7 ± 1625.3 a | 35130.6 ± 589.8 a | 36260.1 ± 1605.77 a | 35318.8 ± 1043.7 a | 23463.5 ± 907.0 b | 23601.0 ± 687.37 b | 20073.4 ± 98.2 b | 20012.0 ± 418.5 b |
| 1-Butanol | 967.2 ± 87.1 a | 955.0 ± 104.7 a | 948.5 ± 42.7 a | 953.4 ± 10.5 a | 948.0 ± 33.48 a | 978.0 ± 61.4 a | 929.3 ± 103.8 a | 866.2 ± 16.9 a |
| Isopentyl alcohol | 187579.3 ± 2742.2 b | 184874.0 ± 6446.52 b | 188753.9 ± 5009.5 b | 183698.5 ± 816.3 b | 217389.5 ± 7670.1 a | 214993.6 ± 267.8 a | 173630.3 ± 1822.6 b | 173019.9 ± 48.9 b |
| Pentyl alcohol | 17.0 ± 3.19 c | 21.4 ± 3.1 bc | 17.9 ± 3.3 c | 15.7 ± 0.3 c | 28.1 ± 1.1 ab | 27.5 ± 3.0 ab | 32.1 ± 0.2 a | 34.3 ± 1.8 a |
| 1-Hexanol | 91.5 ± 3.0 b | 99.3 ± 5.3 b | 92.8 ± 6.5 b | 90.5 ± 5.1 b | 94.5 ± 2.7 b | 101.5 ± 1.7 b | 160.7 ± 1.0 a | 169.1 ± 2.7 a |
| (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol | 123.8 ± 21.6 a | 132.7 ± 5.2 a | 134.0 ± 4.58 a | 115.6 ± 8.4 a | 100.3 ± 0.4 a | 122.4 ± 21.7 a | 129.8 ± 32.3 a | 144.4 ± 29.2 a |
| 2-Heptanol | 5.6 ± 0.1 c | 5.7 ± 0.3 c | 6.3 ± 0.2 bc | 6.3 ± 0.1 bc | 7.8 ± 0.3 a | 7.3 ± 0.1 ab | 6.7 ± 0.1 abc | 7.8 ± 0.6 a |
| 3-Ethoxy-1-propanol | 39.9 ± 1.6 a | 35.1 ± 15.8 a | 33.7 ± 9.1 a | 32.6 ± 1.1 a | 32.5 ± 3.1 a | 26.4 ± 6.1 a | 34.9 ± 2.9 a | 32.4 ± 3.8 a |
| 1-Octen-3-ol | 6.8 ± 0.6 a | 7.6 ± 0.1 a | 6.9 ± 0.3 a | 8.0 ± 0.56 a | 9.4 ± 3.8 a | 13.6 ± 0.1 a | 13.9 ± 0.5 a | 13.2 ± 8.1 a |
| Sulcatol | TR ** | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR |
| 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | 12.2 ± 0.2 f | 13.0 ± 0.4 ef | 16.2 ± 1.2 cd | 15.4 ± 0.3 de | 19.4 ± 1.4 b | 18.4 ± 0.2 bc | 75.5 ± 0.5 a | 76.0 ± 0.2 a |
| [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Butanediol | 375898.6 ± 82505.1 a | 363649.8 ± 241292.74 a | 348050.8 ± 196950.2 a | 279674.0 ± 61987.2 a | 1766887.6 ± 1645173.9 a | 979257.2 ± 660565.6 a | 1313477.4 ± 699634.8 a | 1735789.3 ± 233651.6 a |
| 1-Octanol | 10.9 ± 2.9 b | 11.1 ± 2.0 b | 9.3 ± 2.1 b | 10.2 ± 1.2 b | 12.3 ± 0.8 b | 11.8 ± 0.5 b | 31.9 ± 0.7 a | 33.1 ± 0.5 a |
| [S-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Butanediol | 117488.4 ± 16482.5 a | 123910.7 ± 67104.1 a | 124577.5 ± 48004.6 a | 86202.4 ± 13306.7 a | 305149.2 ± 252625.20 a | 190949.9 ± 107619.4 a | 205124.8 ± 82211.3 a | 338514.7 ± 20924.2 a |
| trans-2-Octenol | 9.5 ± 0.7 b | 10.3 ± 0.4 b | 9.5 ± 0.3 b | 10.0 ± 1.21 b | 5.3 ± 0.4 a | 5.0 ± 0.1 a | 4.6 ± 0.0 a | 5.9 ± 0.5 a |
| 1-Nonanol | 0.1 ± 0.0 c | 0.1 ± 0.0 c | 0.1 ± 0.0 c | 0.1 ± 0.0 c | 0.2 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.0 bc | 0.3 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.0 a |
| Methionol | 1316.9 ± 37.0 a | 1162.2 ± 63.3 a | 1276.4 ± 540.2 a | 1280.3 ± 143.6 a | 775.5 ± 483.1 a | 544.1 ± 340.8 a | 816.2 ± 254.5 a | 770.5 ± 168.4 a |
| E-5-Decen-1-ol | ND *** | ND | ND | ND | 8.9 ± 1.7 b | 7.7± 0.8 b | 61.7 ± 1.2 a | 58.8 ± 1.1 a |
| Phenylethyl Alcohol | 20978.7 ± 1150.9 a | 20111.8 ± 5434.5 a | 19807.4 ± 7958.7 a | 20117.5 ± 489.0 a | 15526.1 ± 8671.7 a | 11607.3 ± 4687.1 a | 14267.9 ± 1231.0 a | 13133.9 ± 2106.6 a |
| Total | 740054.1 ± 98959.9 a | 730092.8 ± 320914.5 a | 719960.1 ± 246869.2 a | 607507.9 ± 77776.8 a | 2330406.2 ± 1915574.3 a | 1422220.4 ± 773718.3 a | 1728818.3 ± 781475.9 a | 2282631.4 ± 257372.4 a |
| Aldehyde/Ketones | ||||||||
| Nonanal | 14.2 ± 0.3 a | 15.7 ± 1.2 a | 10.7 ± 0.7 a | 12.8 ± 0.0 a | 5.8 ± 0.3 a | 5.1 ± 0.3 a | 4.5 ± 0.3 a | 4.5 ± 0.9 a |
| Furfural | 492.2 ± 0.8 a | 484.6 ± 32.0 a | 436.9 ± 38.4 a | 465.3 ± 4.0 a | 11.7 ± 2.9 b | 11.7 ± 3.3 b | 12.8 ± 1.6 b | 11.8 ± 0.3 b |
| Decanal | 3.7 ± 0.7 a | 4.9 ± 1.0 a | 2.5 ± 0.0 a | 4.5 ± 0.6 a | 4.0 ± 0.90 a | 2.4 ± 0.3 a | 2.4 ± 0.6 a | 3.7 ± 1.2 a |
| Safranal | 2.3 ± 0.0 a | 2.4 ± 0.2 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | 0.6 ± 0.0 b | 0.6 ± 0.0 b |
| 2-Butyl-2-octenal | 16.7 ± 1.3 a | 17.1 ± 3.1 a | 17.4 ± 3.4 a | 18.1 ± 0.4 a | 11.9 ± 2.4 a | 10.6 ± 1.4 a | 11.0 ± 1.1 a | 10.9 ± 1.3 a |
| Isobutyl ketone | 22.0 ± 5.0 ab | 24.0 ± 8.0 ab | 7.58 ± 5.93 ab | 33.1 ± 13.2 a | TR | 2.48 ± 0.37 b | TR | 0.09 ± 0.53 b |
| TMCHN | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR | TR |
| 6M5H2NE | 11.0 ± 1.15 a | 11.9 ± 4.1 a | 8.2 ± 1.1 a | 8.0 ± 0.7 a | TR | TR | TR | TR |
| 2-Undecanone | 1.9 ± 0.0 b | 2.1 ± 0.1 b | 2.0 ± 0.1 a | 2.0 ± 0.07 a | 3.5 ± 0.5 c | 3.2 ± 0.1 c | 3.6 ± 0.0 d | 3.9 ± 0.2 cd |
| β-Cyclocitral | 6.5 ± 0.1 a | 6.6 ± 0.4 a | 5.6 ± 0.0 b | 5.6 ± 0.1 b | 3.0 ± 0.2 c | 3.4 ± 0.3 c | 5.3 ± 0.1 b | 4.9 ± 0.1 b |
| Dihydropseudoionone | 4.4 ± 0.4 ab | 4.5 ± 0.1 ab | 5.5 ± 2.3 a | 3.7 ± 0.1 abc | 1.3 ± 0.3 cd | 0.9 ± 0.1 c | 2.7 ± 0.0 abc | 2.8 ± 0.1 abc |
| 2-Acetylpyrrole | 121.6 ± 8.1 a | 116.16 ± 43.2 a | 114.3 ± 53.6 a | 111.7 ± 0.5 a | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| TMHAAL | 6.8 ± 0.34 a | 6.5 ± 1.6 a | 7.1 ± 1.6 a | 6.0 ± 0.45 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 b | 1.6 ± 0.5 b | 1.4 ± 0.1 b | 1.1 ± 0.1 b |
| Total | 702.1 ± 13.8 a | 696.3 ± 70.2 a | 618.8 ± 100.2 b | 671.7 ± 8.3 ab | 37.4 ± 7.0 c | 37.4 ± 6.0 c | 42.3 ± 0.0 c | 43.4 ± 1.9 c |
| Benzene | ||||||||
| Isodurene | 4.3 ± 0.1 a | 4.1 ± 0.2 a | 4.6 ± 0.2 a | 4.6 ± 0.4 a | 1.3 ± 0.0 b | 1.3 ± 0.1 b | 1.0 ± 0.1 b | 0.9 ± 0.0 b |
| TEMLNE | 7.2 ± 0.1 a | 5.8 ± 1.4 abc | 5.8 ± 2.1 abc | 6.9 ± 0.7 ab | 2.8 ± 0.6 c | 2.2 ± 0.2 c | 3.8 ± 0.1 abc | 3.1 ± 0.7 bc |
| DPPXL | 31.1 ± 0.9 a | 29.2 ± 1.3 ab | 24.3 ± 7.7 abc | 28.4 ± 2.0 ab | 18.4 ± 1.5 bc | 18.2 ± 0.1 bc | 16.7 ± 0.6 c | 16.5 ± 0.6 c |
| Naphthalene | 4.5 ± 0.2 a | 5.3 ± 0.4 a | 4.5 ± 0.3 a | 4.7 ± 0.1 a | 2.2 ± 0.3 b | 2.0 ± 0.1 b | 2.3 ± 0.0 b | 2.3 ± 0.0 b |
| TMDHPE | 6.2 ± 0.2 a | 5.9 ± 0.1 a | 5.3 ± 1.1 a | 5.8 ± 0.5 a | 1.9 ± 0.2 b | 1.6 ± 0.0 b | 2.4 ± 0.2 b | 2.4 ± 0.3 b |
| M2PB | 1.5 ± 0.1 ab | 1.6 ± 0.0 ab | 1.5 ± 0.1 ab | 1.3 ± 0.0 b | 1.9 ± 0.3 a | 1.7 ± 0.0 ab | 1.7 ± 0.0 ab | 1.7 ± 0.1 ab |
| Phenethyl acetate | 144.7 ± 10.9 a | 141.0 ± 17.4 a | 114.9 ± 15.3 a | 122.2 ± 1.0 a | 43.6 ± 7.4 b | 37.5 ± 2.1 b | 28.1 ± 0.7 b | 26.4 ± 0.2 b |
| β-Methylnaphthalene | 17.2 ± 0.4 a | 16.0 ± 1.6 a | 16.0 ± 1.8 a | 17.0 ± 0.44 a | 5.6 ± 0.7 b | 5.4 ± 0.1 b | 4.7 ± 0.1 b | 4.7 ± 0.1 b |
| Benzyl alcohol | 308.3 ± 2.0 a | 297.9 ± 60.4 a | 305.6 ± 111.7 a | 314.6 ± 7.7 a | 314.5 ± 140.8 a | 289.1 ± 75.4 a | 527.1 ± 23.0 a | 514.1 ± 80.8 a |
| Ethyl dihydrocinnamate | 1.2 ± 0.0 b | 1.3 ± 0.1 b | 1.2 ± 0.0 b | 1.3 ± 0.0 b | 3.2 ± 0.6 a | 2.7 ± 0.2 a | 3.2 ± 0.1 a | 3.1 ± 0.1 a |
| α-Methylnaphthalene | 11.4 ± 0.2 a | 10.8 ± 0.7 a | 11.1 ± 1.1 a | 11.5 ± 0.3 a | 2.7 ± 0.5 b | 2.1 ± 0.1 b | 2.0 ± 0.1 b | 1.9 ± 0.1 b |
| 4-Tolylcarbinol | 1.4 ± 0.1 a | 1.3 ± 0.3 a | 1.4 ± 0.1 a | 1.4 ± 0.1 a | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.06 | 1.0 ± 0.0 |
| Ethyl cinnamate | 1.9 ± 0.2 a | 2.5 ± 0.5 a | 2.4 ± 0.4 a | 2.9 ± 0.1 a | 2.1 ± 0.4 a | 2.5 ± 0.3 a | 1.8 ± 0.0 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a |
| 3P4HP | 1.9 ± 0.0 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 a | 1.1 ± 0.1 b | 1.2 ± 0.1 b | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| DTBPHm | 41.5 ± 5.0 a | 46.0 ± 0.9 a | 44.0 ± 0.7 a | 47.0 ± 1.0 a | 49.2 ± 9.7 a | 38.7 ± 4.8 a | 39.2 ± 2.6 a | 40.8 ± 1.3 a |
| Coumaran | 202.5 ± 4.54 a | 196.6 ± 43.0 a | 240.6 ± 66.7 a | 219.0 ± 3.9 a | 1096.6 ± 651.1 a | 622.4 ± 312.0 a | 970.0 ± 132.30 a | 981.9 ± 22.0 a |
| Ethyl salicylate | 6.1 ± 0.97 b | 11.8 ± 3.6 a | 4.3 ± 0.3 b | 4.8 ± 0.3 b | 5.8 ± 0.7 b | 5.3 ± 0.3 b | 5.3 ± 0.1 b | 5.6 ± 0.0 b |
| 4-Ethylphenol | 1466.5 ± 3.1 b | 1480.8 ± 5.3 b | 1482.8 ± 14.6 b | 1464.6 ± 0.9 b | 8167.3 ± 3706.2 a | 6012.7 ± 1923.9 ab | 11677.1 ± 140.4 a | 9968.4 ± 1214.6 a |
| 4-Vinylguaiacol | 329.1 ± 9.4 a | 310.5 ± 56.6 a | 372.2 ± 93.1 a | 371.6 ± 4.6 a | 791.7 ± 394.5 a | 548.7 ± 211.3 a | 656.6 ± 15.3 a | 617.2 ± 60.1 a |
| Total | 2588.3 ± 23.0 b | 2570.2 ± 185.4 b | 2643.6 ± 285.7 b | 2630.6 ± 23.2 b | 10511.8 ± 4916.4 ab | 7594.7 ± 2530.2 ab | 13943.7 ± 312.4 a | 12194.2 ± 1375.9 a |
| Esters | ||||||||
| Ethyl Acetate | 74687.2 ± 1416.4 a | 78072.4 ± 2474.7 a | 75663.3 ± 6509.8 a | 72540.3 ± 646.6 a | 47864.3 ± 1550.9 b | 49750.7 ± 3003.3 b | 52201.6 ± 1608.2 b | 57245.4 ± 1761.9 b |
| Ethyl butanoate | 306.4 ± 15.3 a | 315.7 ± 17.8 a | 306.2 ± 23.2 a | 294.7 ± 11.6 a | 87.4 ± 0.1 b | 93.1 ± 7.2 b | 39.8 ± 0.7 b | 42.4 ± 0.7 b |
| Ethyl hexanoate | 395.7 ± 21.7 a | 402.1 ± 20.1 a | 378.9 ± 12.10 a | 366.3 ± 15.6 a | 147.0 ± 0.8 bc | 154.5 ± 14.4 b | 95.2 ± 3.4 c | 99.4 ± 3.0 c |
| Ethyl 3-hexenoate | 2.4 ± 0.2 d | 3.0 ± 0.4 d | 1.6 ± 1.1 d | 2.6 ± 0.0 d | 8.5 ± 0.0 ab | 9.1 ± 0.3 a | 6.8 ± 0.3 c | 7.0 ± 0.2 bc |
| Ethyl enanthate | 3.1 ± 0.1 a | 3.1 ± 0.1 a | 3.0 ± 0.0 a | 2.8 ± 0.1 a | 1.6 ± 0.0 b | 1.6 ± 0.1 b | 1.5 ± 0.1 b | 1.5 ± 0.1 b |
| Ethyl lactate | 3460.5 ± 645.5 a | 3190.9 ± 907.9 a | 3265.6 ± 604.4 a | 3387.4 ± 131.4 a | 4251.8 ± 507.7 a | 4276.0 ± 520.7 a | 4818.9 ± 994.4 a | 4173.8 ± 365.8 a |
| Ethyl octanoate | 931.8 ± 18.3 ab | 955.1 ± 6.3 a | 858.0 ± 39.6 b | 898.5 ± 43.4 ab | 506.8 ± 18.8 c | 527.3 ± 2.3 c | 370.5 ± 1.0 d | 403.9 ± 4.5 d |
| Ethyl mesitylacetate | 1.1 ± 0.1 a | 1.0 ± 0.0 a | 1.0 ± 0.0 a | 1.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | 0.5 ± 0.1 b | 0.4 ± 0.0 b | 0.4 ± 0.0 b |
| Ethyl nonanoate | 4.0 ± 0.2 a | 4.3 ± 0.1 a | 4.2 ± 0.7 a | 3.7 ± 1.1 a | 7.5 ± 0.6 a | 7.9 ± 2.4 a | 7.0 ± 0.6 a | 6.1 ± 1.5 a |
| E2H4MP | 16.0 ± 0.59 c | 16.1 ± 0.8 c | 18.3 ± 2.1 bc | 18.1 ± 0.2 bc | 27.4 ± 2.1 a | 25.0 ± 2.3 a | 24.6 ± 1.3 a | 24.0 ± 1.3 ab |
| Ethyl caprate | 738.6 ± 0.1 b | 746.7 ± 14.1 b | 888.1 ± 54.1 a | 922.8 ± 46.2 a | 620.0 ± 58.9 bc | 601.1 ± 4.4 c | 426.7 ± 4.2 d | 462.0 ± 1.6 d |
| Ethyl benzoate | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.8 ± 0.1 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.8 ± 0.1 a | 1.7 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 1.6 ± 0.0 a |
| Ethyl 9-decenoate | 17.1 ± 1.1 a | 18.4 ± 1.7 a | 16.2 ± 2.3 a | 18.9 ± 1.3 a | 3.9 ± 0.0 b | 3.5 ± 0.0 b | 3.4 ± 0.1 b | 3.5 ± 0.0 b |
| Ethyl laurate | 135.3 ± 2.6 bcd | 137.3 ± 4.6 abcd | 173.2 ± 13.4 bc | 182.6 ± 11.6 a | 153.5 ± 26.7 abc | 119.4 ± 2.7 cd | 96.8 ± 0.0 d | 99.3 ± 2.9 d |
| Ethyl myristate | 24.0 ± 0.5 a | 23.3 ± 5.7 a | 22.9 ± 4.2 a | 27.5 ± 1.1 a | 22.3 ± 3.9 a | 20.8 ± 1.6 a | 19.4 ± 2.1 a | 24.8 ± 3.9 a |
| Ethyl hexadecanoate | 38.7 ± 1.0 bc | 33.6 ± 4.8 c | 39.9 ± 1.1 bc | 40.0 ± 2.2 bc | 60.9 ± 11.8 a | 54.9 ± 5.3 ab | 61.4 ± 3.3 a | 70.4 ± 1.0 a |
| Isobutyl acetate | 206.8 ± 13.2 a | 216.3 ± 17.0 a | 158.9 ± 14.6 b | 154.6 ± 0.4 b | 61.8 ± 8.4 c | 68.0 ± 12.2 c | 17.2 ± 2.2 d | 33.4 ± 6.7 cd |
| Isopentyl acetate | 4878.4 ± 338.0 a | 5027.3 ± 383.3 a | 3790.5 ± 325.2 b | 3603.7 ± 160.7 b | 2382.1 ± 5.8 c | 2515.1 ± 158.2 c | 1110.7 ± 11.2 d | 1182.4 ± 48.9 d |
| Hexyl acetate | 9.10 ± 0.5 a | 9.3 ± 0.3 a | 6.8 ± 0.4 b | 6.5 ± 0.1 b | 1.3 ± 0.1 cd | 2.3 ± 0.0 c | 1.2 ± 0.7 cd | 0.7 ± 0.5 d |
| Heptyl acetate | 0.5 ± 0.3 a | 0.4 ± 0.2 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.2 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a |
| 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol acetate | 13.1 ± 1.3 a | 13.2 ± 0.5 a | 13.0 ± 1.3 a | 8.1 ± 6.8 a | 8.6 ± 0.3 a | 8.3 ± 0.4 a | 9.2 ± 0.2 a | 9.9 ± 0.7 a |
| Octyl acetate | 7.5 ± 0.5 ab | 7.8 ± 0.4 ab | 7.2 ± 0.9 ab | 8.3 ± 0.9 a | 4.5 ± 1.2 b | 5.7 ± 0.3 ab | 5.4 ± 1.6 ab | 5.3 ± 0.6 ab |
| Trimethylene acetate | 129.3 ± 33.4 a | 135.0 ± 39.4 a | 122.4 ± 33.8 a | 105.1 ± 14.0 a | 435.3 ± 324.9 a | 243.1 ± 123.2 a | 265.8 ± 116.0 a | 381.8 ± 9.4 a |
| Isobutyl hexanoate | 0.6 ± 0.2 ab | 0.5 ± 0.0 a | 0.4 ± 0.0 c | 0.4 ± 0.0 bc | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Methyl octanoate | 5.2 ± 0.1 a | 5.5 ± 0.1 a | 5.1 ± 0.2 a | 3.4 ± 2.4 a | 2.6 ± 0.1 a | 2.7 ± 0.0 a | 2.3 ± 0.0 a | 2.4 ± 0.0 a |
| Isopentyl hexanoate | 7.0 ± 0.1 a | 7.4 ± 0.3 a | 6.4 ± 0.6 a | 7.0 ± 0.4 a | 2.3 ± 0.0 b | 2.3 ± 0.1 b | 1.5 ± 0.0 b | 1.7 ± 0.0 b |
| Isobutyl octanoate | 2.7 ± 0.5 a | 2.6 ± 0.6 a | 2.3 ± 0.4 a | 2.4 ± 0.4 a | 3.0 ± 0.4 a | 1.6 ± 0.1 a | 2.8 ± 1.9 a | 4.3 ± 0.1 a |
| Methyl caprate | 12.2 ± 0.2 a | 12.1 ± 0.1 a | 18.3 ± 1.4 a | 18.9 ± 1.2 a | 6.8 ± 1.1 a | 6.7 ± 0.1 a | 3.4 ± 0.1 a | 4.5 ± 0.3 a |
| Isoamyl octanoate | 9.4 ± 0.3 ab | 9.7 ± 0.4 a | 7.7 ± 0.7 b | 8.3 ± 0.8 ab | 4.5 ± 0.2 c | 4.6 ± 0.0 c | 3.7 ± 0.1 c | 4.2 ± 0.1 c |
| Diethyl succinate | 125.6 ± 2.5 b | 126.4 ± 13.2 b | 216.0 ± 45.4 a | 227.6 ± 5.7 a | 100.5 ± 30.0 | 87.5 ± 13.5 b | 108.4 ± 3.5 b | 92.0 ± 9.5 b |
| Isoamyl decanoate | 4.6 ± 0.1 a | 4.6 ± 0.4 a | 5.2 ± 0.0 a | 5.5 ± 0.4 a | 3.2 ± 0.3 b | 2.9 ± 0.0 bc | 2.0 ± 0.0 d | 2.2 ± 0.0 cd |
| IMDMMPo | 19.7 ± 1.5 a | 19.4 ± 1.3 a | 12.5 ± 1.0 b | 13.3 ± 0.4 b | 3.1 ± 0.7 c | 2.5 ± 0.9 c | 2.0 ± 0.3 c | 2.3 ± 0.8 c |
| NA3MBE | 5.2 ± 0.1 a | 5.0 ± 0.2 a | 5.0 ± 0.4 a | 5.3 ± 0.2 a | 2.1 ± 0.2 b | 1.9 ± 0.0 b | 1.9 ± 0.0 b | 1.8 ± 0.0 b |
| Total | 86200.3 ± 1208.5 a | 89527.3 ± 1927.2 a | 86020.1 ± 6080.8 a | 82887.4 ± 822.9 a | 56786.7 ± 2501.9 b | 58602.3 ± 2531.9 b | 59713.0 ± 716.2 b | 64394.2 ± 1452.0 b |
| Others | ||||||||
| Styrene | 97.1 ± 1.7 ab | 97.8 ± 2.1 ab | 83.3 ± 3.5 b | 86.5 ± 2.7 b | 93.5 ± 3.5 ab | 105.7 ± 7.5 a | 65.5 ± 4.2 c | 67.3 ± 1.9 c |
| α-Ionene | 7.8 ± 0.2 a | 6.9 ± 0.2 a | 6.4 ± 2.2 a | 7.2 ± 0.7 a | 2.6 ± 0.4 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | 3.8 ± 0.2 a | 3.8 ± 0.3 a |
| ODETMq | 2.7 ± 0.1 c | 2.8 ± 0.1 c | 2.6 ± 0.0 cd | 2.7 ± 0.2 c | 6.0 ± 0.2 b | 6.7 ± 0.0 ab | 6.6 ± 0.1 b | 7.5 ± 0.5 a |
| α-Cedrene | 2.1 ± 0.0 a | 2.0 ± 0.1 a | 1.2 ± 0.2 a | 1.4 ± 0.2 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b |
| α-Calacorene | 6.2 ± 0.1 a | 5.8 ± 0.2 ab | 5.2 ± 1.4 ab | 5.9 ± 0.5 ab | 4.4 ± 0.6 ab | 3.9 ± 0.0 b | 4.0 ± 0.0 ab | 3.9 ± 0.2 b |
| β-Ionone | 7.4 ± 0.8 a | 7.3 ± 0.8 a | 6.5 ± 0.4 a | 6.8 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 ± 0.3 c | 1.8 ± 0.2 c | 4.5 ± 0.0 b | 4.1 ± 0.0 b |
| DMUDL | 0.4 ± 0.1 ab | 0.4 ± 0.1 ab | 0.5 ± 0.0 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 c | 0.2 ± 0.0 c | 0.3 ± 0.0 bc | 0.3 ± 0.0 bc |
| Cedrol | 0.5 ± 0.1 a | 0.4 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.0 b | 0.3 ± 0.0 b | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Total | 124.1 ± 1.0 a | 123.5 ± 0.8 a | 106.0 ± 7.77 a | 111.2 ± 4.5 a | 108.7 ± 1.9 a | 120.6 ± 7.2 a | 84.8 ± 4.0 b | 86.9 ± 2.8 b |
DF and DP indicate dried goji berry fermented wine made of free-run and pressed juice, respectively. DF-G and DP-G represent dried goji berry fermented wine made of free-run and pressed juice after the glycosidase treatment, respectively. FF and FP are fresh goji berry fermented wine made of free-run and pressed juice, respectively. FF-G and FP-G stand for fresh goji berry fermented wine made of free-run and pressed juice after the glycosidase treatment, respectively. *: Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. **, ***: “ND” and “TR” represent “not detected” and “trace amount”, respectively. Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.