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. 2007 Jun 20;12(4):523–535. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0023-0

The identification of QTLs associated with the in vitro response of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Hanna Bolibok 1, Anna Gruszczyńska 1, Aneta Hromada-Judycka 1, Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska 1,✉
PMCID: PMC6275925  PMID: 17579815

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the in vitro culture response of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) immature embryos and immature inflorescences. A genetic linkage map comprising 67 SSRs, 9 ISSRs, 13 SAMPLs, 7 RAPDs, 2 SCARs and one EST marker was created based on the analyses of 102 recombinant inbred lines from the cross between lines L318 (which has a good response in tissue cultures) and L9 (which is unable to regenerate plants from somatic tissues and anthers). The map spans 979.2 cM, and the average distance between markers is 9.9 cM. Two characteristics were evaluated: callus induction (CI) and somatic embryogenesis ability (SE). They were expressed as the percentage of immature embryos/inflorescences producing callus (designated ECI/ICI) and the percentage of explants producing somatic embryos (ESE/ISE). All the analysed traits showed continuous variation in the mapping population but a non-normal frequency distribution. We identified nine putative QTLs controlling the tissue culture response of rye, explaining up to 41.6% of the total phenotypic variation: two QTLs for ECI — eci-1, eci-2; 4 for ESE — ece-1, ese-2, ese-3, ese-4; 2 for ICI — ici-1, ici2; and 1 for ISE — ise-1. They were detected on chromosomes 1R, 4R, 5R, 6R and 7R.

Key words: Rye, Secale cereale L., Somatic embryogenesis, Tissue culture, Immature embryos, Immature inflorescences, Molecular marker, QTL, Genetic mapping

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Abbreviations used

CI

callus induction

ECI

percentage of immature embryos producing callus

ESE

percentage of immature embryos producing embryogenic callus

ICI

percentage of immature inflorescences producing callus

ISE

percentage of immature inflorescences producing embryogenic callus

GDDSC

genetically directed differential subtraction chain

MAS

marker assisted selection

QTL

quantitative trait locus

RIL

recombinant inbred line

SE

somatic embryogenesis ability

TCR

tissue culture response

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