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. 2018 Nov 9;8(20):5562–5574. doi: 10.7150/thno.26540

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Intercellular interactions and priming, proliferation and termination in liver regeneration. Kupffercells (KCs) prime T cells, hepatocytes and stellate cells via pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 (priming phase). Growth factors such as HGF and EGF are released from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and extracellular matrix, leading to proliferation of hepatocytes (proliferation phase). Other cytokines such as IL-1RA are released from KCs, and MIF is released from stellate cells, terminatingthe proliferation process after liver regeneration (terminationphase).