Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cohort and by antidiabetic treatment at cohort entry. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Cohort (n=154 162) | Antidiabetic drug use at cohort entry | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPP-4 inhibitors (n=12 416) | GLP-1 receptor agonists (n=2865) | Other second or third line drugs (n=38 351) | ||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 64.1 (11.6) | 68.2 (10.2) | 61.3 (8.1) | 66.0 (11.1) |
| Men | 89 234 (57.9) | 7171 (57.8) | 1646 (57.5) | 22 730 (59.3) |
| Body mass index: | ||||
| <30 | 63 364 (41.1) | 5243 (42.2) | S* | 18 721 (48.8) |
| ≥30.0 | 88 204 (57.2) | 7142 (57.5) | 2656 (92.7) | 19 326 (50.4) |
| Unknown | 2594 (1.7) | 31 (0.3) | S* | 304 (0.8) |
| Smoking status: | ||||
| Ever | 94 364 (61.2) | 7807 (62.9) | 1855 (64.8) | 24 074 (62.8) |
| Never | 59 189 (38.4) | 4601 (37.1) | S* | 14 128 (36.8) |
| Unknown | 609 (0.4) | 8 (0.1) | S* | 149 (0.4) |
| Alcohol related disorders | 23 274 (15.1) | 2347 (18.9) | 484 (16.9) | 5944 (15.5) |
| Mean (SD) Charlson comorbidity index score | 1.9 (1.8) | 2.9 (2.0) | 2.5 (1.9) | 1.6 (1.7) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 1974 (1.3) | 170 (1.4) | 31 (1.1) | 529 (1.4) |
| Gallbladder disease | 4565 (3.0) | 432 (3.5) | 93 (3.3) | 1186 (3.1) |
| Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (%): | ||||
| ≤7.0 | 22 428 (14.6) | 1133 (9.1) | 233 (8.1) | 3487 (9.1) |
| >7.0 | 114 003 (74.0) | 11 193 (90.2) | 2612 (91.2) | 33 469 (87.3) |
| Unknown | 17 731 (11.5) | 90 (0.7) | 20 (0.7) | 1395 (3.6) |
| Mean (SD) duration of diabetes (years) | 4.3 (5.5) | 11.4 (6.0) | 11.5 (5.5) | 7.9 (5.9) |
| Antidiabetic drugs†: | ||||
| Metformin | 43 233 (28.0) | 11 521 (92.8) | 2786 (97.2) | 28 874 (75.3) |
| Sulfonylureas | 26 319 (17.1) | 8254 (66.5) | 2170 (75.7) | 15 895 (41.5) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 13 396 (8.7) | 4917 (39.6) | 1565 (54.6) | 6914 (18.0) |
| Insulin | 4853 (3.2) | 1088 (8.8) | 1292 (45.1) | 2473 (6.5) |
| Others | 2660 (1.7) | 871 (7.0) | 387 (13.5) | 1402 (3.7) |
DPP-4=dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1=glucagon-like peptide-1.
*
Suppressed: Numbers fewer than five are not displayed, as per confidentiality policies of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
†
Non-mutually exclusive groups, measured any time before (not including) cohort entry.