a) Chemical structure of the ssPalmO-Paz4-C2. The synthesis of the ssPalmO-Paz4-C2 was described in Materials and methods section. b) Transgene activity of the LNPssPalm to the colon of DSS-colitis mouse (day 5). LNPssPalm containing luciferase-mRNA was administrated to the DSS-colitis mouse. Colon was dissected 4 hours after administration. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the student's t-test (*; p < 0.05). c) Transgene activity of LNPssPalm with different surface PEGylation (1.5–8 mol% of total lipids) to the colon of DSS-colitis mouse (day 5). Statistical analyses were performed by One-way ANOVA followed by SNK test (*; p < 0.05). d) Organ distribution of the luciferase expression. Four hours after administration, organs (Colon, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Lung, and Heart) were dissected and luciferase activity was determined. Statistical analyses were performed by One-way ANOVA followed by SNK test (**; p < 0.01 v.s. Liver, Kidney, Lung, and Heart, ##; p < 0.01 v.s. Colon). Each bar indicated mean ± SD (n = 3).