Abstract
The aim of this study is to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to identify the trends of GHG emission intensity based on meat production from livestock sector in Indonesia. Country-specific volatile solid (VS) and nitrogen excretion (Nex) were obtained from Indonesian grey literature. Total emissions from livestock sector from 2000 to 2015 in Indonesia were calculated using 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guideline (2006 IPCC GL) Tier 1 and Tier 2 with some of the country-specific data and default value. Country-specific methane emission factor (CH4 EF) from manure management for dairy cattle and swine were 1.25 and 1.6 times higher than default EF. Default Nex from mature dairy cattle, growing beef cattle, growing buffalo, weaning sheep, weaning goat, and chicken broiler were 2.18, 2.11, 4.12, 6.82, 3.84, and 2.46 times higher than country-specific Nex. Moreover, during 2000 to 2015, the change of method from Tier 1 to Tier 2 resulted in approximately 7.39% decrease in emissions from enteric fermentation, 4.24% increase in emissions from manure management, and 4.98% decrease in total emissions. In the same period, the shared emission from manure management has increased about 9% and 6% using Tier 1 and Tier 2, respectively. From 2000 to 2015, the overall emission intensity in Indonesia decreased, showing that livestock productivity in Indonesia has become more efficient. This study showed that the livestock industry in Indonesia has shown an improved and efficient management, and chicken farming is one option to be developed. The increased emission from manure management and increased share of total GHG emissions indicated that manure management system in Indonesia needs to be in concern, especially for beef cattle and swine.
Keywords: GHG, IPCC, manure