BPA dysregulates circadian gene expression in hypothalamic POMC and NPY/AgRP-expressing neurons. POMC-expressing (A) mHypoE-43/5 and (B) mHypoA-POMC/GFP-2 cells lines and NPY/AgRP-expressing (C) mHypoE-41 and (D) mHypoA-59 cell lines were treated with 100 µM BPA or vehicle (0.05% ETOH) for 1 or 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours and mRNA expression of Bmal1,Per2, and Rev-Erbα was measured by qRT-PCR (n = 3 to 4). (E) Hypothalamic primary cultures from CD-1 male and female mice were also treated with 100 µM BPA for 8 hours and mRNA expression measured (n = 4). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, with open circles and bars representing vehicle (0.05% ETOH) and shaded circles and bars representing 100 µM BPA treatment. Statistical significance was determined with a (A–D) two-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test or (E) a multiple t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.