A: Average fetus weights, B: % resorbed fetuses, C: average placenta weights, and D: placental sufficiency at GD 19 in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) wild type (WT) and deficient (MC4R-def) rats under normal pregnant or reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) conditions. Normal pregnant: WT, N = 16 and MC4R-def, N = 19. RUPP: WT, N = 13 and MC4R-def, N = 15. *P < 0.05 vs. normal pregnant counterparts.