Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for all-causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality according to quintiles of Dietary Inflammatory Index scores by race/ethnicity among men in the Multiethnic Cohort, 1993–2014.
| African American | Native Hawaiian | Japanese American | Latino | White | P for Heterogeneity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths n | HR (95% CI) 1 | Deaths n | HR (95% CI) 1 | Deaths n | HR (95% CI) 1 | Deaths n | HR (95% CI) 1 | Deaths n | HR (95% CI) 1 | ||
| All Causes | |||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 548 | 1.00 | 213 | 1.00 | 1139 | 1.00 | 624 | 1.00 | 784 | 1.00 | |
| Quintile 2 | 677 | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 219 | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 1075 | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 942 | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | 919 | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | |
| Quintile 3 | 822 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 292 | 0.91 (0.70–1.19) | 1318 | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 1257 | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 1108 | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | |
| Quintile 4 | 969 | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | 397 | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 1546 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 1498 | 1.18 (1.05–1.31) | 1222 | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | |
| Quintile 5 | 1290 | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 653 | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 1987 | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 1243 | 1.32 (1.18–1.48) | 1649 | 1.24 (1.11–1.38) | |
| P for trend 2 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Continuous | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | ||||||
| CVD | |||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 229 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 | 369 | 1.00 | 239 | 1.00 | 262 | 1.00 | |
| Quintile 2 | 247 | 1.03 (0.82–1.30) | 78 | 0.96 (0.60–1.55) | 362 | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 354 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 301 | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) | |
| Quintile 3 | 311 | 0.90 (0.72–1.12) | 112 | 0.96 (0.62–1.50) | 436 | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 466 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 396 | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | |
| Quintile 4 | 367 | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 146 | 0.88 (0.58–1.34) | 498 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 544 | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 406 | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) | |
| Quintile 5 | 465 | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 240 | 0.96 (0.64–1.42) | 619 | 1.16 (1.00–1.35) | 377 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 500 | 1.32 (1.09–1.59) | |
| P for trend 2 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.002 | 0.24 | |||||
| Continuous | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | ||||||
| Cancer | |||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 142 | 1.00 | 56 | 1.00 | 294 | 1.00 | 173 | 1.00 | 241 | 1.00 | |
| Quintile 2 | 201 | 1.22 (0.94–1.60) | 62 | 0.94 (0.56–1.58) | 307 | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) | 248 | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 280 | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | |
| Quintile 3 | 250 | 1.19 (0.92–1.53) | 94 | 1.17 (0.72–1.93) | 377 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 349 | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 320 | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | |
| Quintile 4 | 298 | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 112 | 0.88 (0.55–1.41) | 466 | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 427 | 1.07 (0.88–1.32) | 387 | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | |
| Quintile 5 | 425 | 1.25 (0.97–1.61) | 214 | 1.08 (0.69–1.66) | 678 | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 427 | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 529 | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) | |
| P for trend 2 | 0.18 | 0.73 | 0.36 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.02 | |||||
| Continuous | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | ||||||
1 Adjusted for age at cohort entry, body mass index, history of diabetes, education, marital status, physical activity, alcohol intake, and energy intake in n the smoking model including smoking status, average number of cigarettes, squared average number of cigarettes, number of years smoked (time-dependent), and number of years since quitting (time-dependent). 2 Tests for linearity.