Table 3.
Commonalities between CR and upstream-type CRMs.
| Main Experimental Animal Model | Lifespan | Glucose Level | Body Weight | Body Fat | Autophagy | Energy Consumption | Stress Tolerance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR | Human | Extend? | Lower | Lose | Decrease | Enhance in excessive CR | Change | Decrease stress markers |
| Nematode/Mouse | Extend | Lower | Lose | Decrease | Enhance in excessive CR | Change | Decrease stress markers | |
| Chitosan | Mouse | Extend? | Lower | Lose | Decrease | NR | NR | NR |
| Acarbose | Human/Mouse | Extend? | Lower | Lose | Decrease | NR | NR | NR |
| 2DG | Nematode/Mouse | Extend | Lower | Lose | Decrease | Enhance | NR | Increase antioxidant enzyme |
| GlcN | Nematode/Mouse | Extend | Lower | Lose | Decrease | Enhance | Change | Increase antioxidant enzyme |
| d-Alu | Nematode/Mouse | Extend | Lower | Lose | Decrease | NR | Change | Increase antioxidant enzyme |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | Human/Mouse | Extend? | Lower | Lose | Decrease | NR | Change | Decrease stress markers |
2DG: 2-Deoxy-d-glucose; GlcN: d-Glucosamine; d-Alu: d-Allulose; NR: Not Reported.