Table 2.

Baseline energy and nutrient intake and 2-year changes by study group.

Variable		Walnut Group (n = 80)	Control Group (n = 69)	p *
Energy (kcal/d)	Baseline	1742 (1669 to 1815)	1639 (1561 to 1718)
	Change	129 (55 to 203)	−9 (−88 to 71)	0.014
Total protein (% energy)	Baseline	18.0 (17.3 to 18.7)	18.4 (17.6 to 19.1)
	Change	−0.6 (−1.4 to 0.2)	0.1 (−0.7 to 1.0)	0.227
Total carbohydrate (% energy)	Baseline	42.1 (40.5 to 43.7)	42.2 (40.4 to 43.9)
	Change	−3.9 (−5.5 to -2.2)	1.9 (0.1 to 3.7)	<0.001
Total fat (% energy)	Baseline	38.5 (37.2 to 39.8)	39.2 (37.8 to 40.6)
	Change	6.3 (4.7 to 7.8)	−1.8 (−3.5 to −0.1)	<0.001
Total saturated fat (% energy)	Baseline	9.6 (9.1 to 10.1)	9.8 (9.2 to 10.3)
	Change	−0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1)	−0.5 (−1.2 to 0.1)	0.946
Total monounsaturated fat (% energy)	Baseline	20.1 (19.2 to 21.1)	20.8 (19.8 to 21.8)
	Change	−1.5 (−2.7 to −0.4)	−1.3 (−2.5 to −0.1)	0.801
Linoleic acid (% energy)	Baseline	4.2 (3.8 to 4.6)	4.6 (4.1 to 5.0)
	Change	6.7 (6.2 to 7.3)	−0.6 (−1.2 to 0.0)	<0.001
Alpha-linolenic acid (% energy)	Baseline	0.41 (−0.38 to 0.44)	0.44 (0.41 to 0.47)
	Change	1.71 (1.62 to 1.79)	−0.01 (−0.10 to 0.08)	<0.001
EPA + DHA (% energy)	Baseline	0.21 (0.16 to 0.26)	0.17 (0.12 to 0.23)
	Change	−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03)	0.01 (−0.05 to 0.08)	0.283
Total fibre (g/d)	Baseline	18 (16 to 19)	17 (16 to 19)
	Change	2.1 (0.8 to 3.4)	0.5 (−0.9 to 1.9)	0.108
Cholesterol (mg/d)	Baseline	255 (233 to 277)	241 (217 to 265)
	Change	−18 (−44 to 9)	−10 (−38 to 19)	0.678

Data expressed as means (95% confidence interval). EPA denotes eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid.* p value obtained by ANCOVA adjusted for age and sex. Changes for which the 95% confidence interval does not include zero are significantly different from the baseline.