Table 1. Association between proton pump inhibitors and gastric cancer for the whole cohort and according to aspirin usage.
| Whole cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable analysis (n = 63397, GC = 153) | PS adjustment without trimming (n = 63397, GC = 153) | PS adjustment with trimming (n = 57057, GC = 139) | |||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Non-PPI use | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| PPI use | 2.19 | 1.31 – 3.66 | 0.003 | 2.14 | 1.27 – 3.58 | 0.004 | 2.44 | 1.42 – 4.20 | 0.002 |
| Non-aspirin use | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable analysis (n = 54432, GC = 133) | PS adjustment without trimming (n = 54432, GC = 133) | PS adjustment with trimming (n = 48988, GC = 115) | |||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Non-PPI use | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| PPI use | 3.27 | 1.93 – 5.53 | <0.001 | 3.38 | 1.99 – 5.75 | <0.001 | 3.73 | 2.11 – 6.60 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin use | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable analysis (n = 8965, GC = 20) | PS adjustment without trimming (n = 8965, GC = 20) | PS adjustment with trimming (n = 8067, GC = 16) | |||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Non-PPI use | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| PPI use | 0.53 | 0.12 – 2.37 | 0.402 | 0.52 | 0.11 – 2.34 | 0.392 | 0.35 | 0.04 – 2.74 | 0.318 |
Non-PPI use were defined as less than weekly use of PPIs; PPI use was defined as at least weekly use of PPIs. Abbreviations: PS, propensity score; GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.