Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study population at baseline in relation to outcome status
| Characteristic | Incident | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | T2D | CVD | Death | |
| Sex (n; male/female) | 28,021/41728 | 524/532 | 637/621 | 489/439 |
| Men (%) | 40.2 | 49.6 | 50.6 | 52.7 |
| Age (years) | 43.7 ± 12.0 | 51.8 ± 11.4 | 54.2 ± 12.0 | 58.0 ± 12.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.1 | 29.7 ± 5.0 | 27.1 ± 4.0 | 26.8 ± 4.3 |
| Waist (cm) | 90 ± 12 | 101 ± 13 | 95 ± 12 | 95 ± 13 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125 ± 15 | 134 ± 16 | 133 ± 17 | 134 ± 18 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 77 ± 10 | 77 ± 10 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71 ± 11 | 73 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 71 ± 12 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 73 ± 13 | 75 ± 15 | 76 ± 14 | 77 ± 22 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 97 ± 15 | 92 ± 15 | 90 ± 15 | 87 ± 16 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.49 ± 0.39 | 1.29 ± 0.37 | 1.43 ± 0.40 | 1.46 ± 0.41 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.9 |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 0.96 (0.70–1.36) |
1.41 (1.02–2.00) |
1.16 (0.84–1.63) |
1.12 (0.84–1.62) |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 36 ± 3 | 40 ± 4 | 38 ± 3 | 38 ± 4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 |
| Current smokers (%) | 20.4 | 22.3 | 25.8 | 26.9 |
| Former smokers (%) | 30.8 | 39.4 | 40.6 | 40.4 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 12.8 | 57.5 | 25.1 | 25.6 |
| Skin autofluorescence (AU) | 1.90 ± 0.42 | 2.13 ± 0.45 | 2.18 ± 0.47 | 2.33 ± 0.52 |
| SAF z score | −0.01 ± 0.81 | 0.16 ± 0.95 | 0.16 ± 0.96 | 0.33 ± 1.13 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), number or %
p < 0.001 vs the group without incident type 2 diabetes, CVD or death in all analyses (except heart rate) by ANOVA
T2DM, type 2 diabetes