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. 2015 Sep 30;20(10):17944–17975. doi: 10.3390/molecules201017944

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Gapmer. Current generations of ASO are frequently represented by a gapmer of typically 20 nucleotides with predominant phosphorothioate (PS) linkages. The central domain is composed of 8–12 deoxynucleotides that bind RNase H and induce efficient cleavage of the mRNA. At both ends of the gapmer (wings), 2–5 nucleotides having 2′ modifications, typically 2′-MOE and 2′-OMe, are inserted. The wings improve overall resistance of ASO to nucleases and increase the affinity to the target mRNA.