Figure 4.

Forest plot of the odds of having radiographically confirmed clinical pneumonia using four types of clinical tools. We plotted the adjusted OR of having radiographically confirmed clinical pneumonia for each four clinical tools in an additive scenario using overall study sample, and then stratified by age groups (2-11 and 12-59 mo of age). Adjusted ORs are represented with diamonds and 95% CIs are represented by horizontal lines. We show the additive scenarios on the y axis. Four sets of logistic regression models were built. The first model included a composite for variables to WHO pneumonia, and adjusted for confounders (medical history of pneumonia, age-specific tachycardia, and weight-for-height and height-for-age z scores). The second model included WHO pneumonia, three auscultatory variables (absence of wheezes, presence of crackles, and decreased breath sounds), and vide supra confounders. The third model was a set of models that included WHO pneumonia, the three auscultatory variables, Spo₂ expressed three different ways, and vide supra confounders. Specifically, we ran three independent models with Spo₂ as a continuous variable, and Spo₂ with the thresholds of ≤ 95% and ≤ 92%. The fourth model included WHO pneumonia, the three auscultatory variables, continuous Spo₂, two lung ultrasound variables (interstitial abnormalities or consolidation), and vide supra confounders. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs are also presented numerically for each row. See Figure 2 legend for expansion of abbreviations.