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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 May 17;95:86–96. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.020

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pregnancy without elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety and in perinatal depression and anxiety highlighting some hypothesized changes in the gut microbiota, immune system, and metabolism. Tryptophan metabolism is an example of a metabolic pathway impacted by microbial dybiosis that possibly impacts the brain.