Table A2.
Participant scoring and criteria utilized for participants’ habitual daily nutritional intake and nutrients positively associated with bone health.
| Scoring Criteria | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily Nutrition | Points | Participants | Points | Participants | Points | Participants | |||
| Protein Intake | ≥1.2 g/day | 2 | 25/50 | 0.8–1.19 g/day | 1 | 23/50 | <0.8 g/day | 0 | 2/50 |
| Carbohydrate Intake | Within 45ȓ65% DI | 2 | 28/50 | Below/Above 45–65% DI | 0 | 22/50 | |||
| Metabolic Score | 10% within CDI | 2 | 20/50 | ±10–20% outside CDI | 0 | 20/50 | >±20% outside CDI | −1 | 10/50 |
| Fat | Within +5% of 35% DI | 2 | 31/50 | Outside ±5% of 35% DI | 1 | 19/50 | |||
| Saturated Fat | <11% of DI | 1 | 49/50 | ≥11% of DI | −2 | 1/50 | |||
| Trans Fat | <2% of DI | 1 | 50/50 | ≥2% of DI | −2 | 0/50 | |||
| Polyunsaturated Fat | Within ±10% 19–64 years M = 18 g F = 14 g | 1 | 9/50 | Outside ±10–20% | −1 | 11/50 | > ±20% | −2 | 30/50 |
| 65+ years M = 17 g F = 14 g | |||||||||
| Monounsaturated Fat | Within ±10% 19–64 years M = 36 g F = 29 g | 1 | 8/50 | Outside ±10–20% | −1 | 12/50 | > ±20% | −2 | 30/50 |
| 65+ years M = 34 g F = 28 g | 65+ years M = 34 g F = 28 g | ||||||||
| Free Sugars | 19–64 years M = <33 g F = <27 g | 1 | 12/50 | 19–64 years M = >33 g F = >27 g | −1 | 38/50 | |||
| 65+years M = <31 g F = <26 g | 65+years M = >31 g F = >26 g | ||||||||
| Omega-3 Fatty Acid | ≥1.6 g/day | 2 | 16/50 | <1.6 g/day | 0 | 34/50 | |||
| Omega-6 Fatty Acid | ≥10 g/day | 2 | 5/50 | <10 g/day | 0 | 45/50 | |||
| Vitamin A | Within 700 µg/day–3000 µg/day | 1 | 37/50 | <700 µg/day–>3000 µg/day | 13/50 | ||||
| Vitamin D | ≥10 µg/day | 2 | 4/50 | <10 µg/day | 0 | 46/50 | |||
| Vitamin E | >3 mg/day | 1 | 50/50 | <3 mg/day | 0 | 50/50 | |||
| Vitamin C | ≥40 µg/day | 1 | 47/50 | <40 µg/day | 0 | 3/50 | |||
| Vitamin B-12 | ≥1.5 µg/day | 1 | 50/50 | <1.5 µg/day | 0 | 50/50 | |||
| Fibre | ≥30 g/day | 1 | 4/50 | <30 g/day | 0 | 46/50 | |||
| Calcium | ≥700 mg/day | 1 | 45/50 | <700 mg/day | 0 | 5/50 | |||
| Zinc | M = ≥9.5 mg/day F = ≥7 mg/day | 1 | 42/50 | M = <9.5 mg/day F = <7 mg/day | 0 | 8/50 | |||
| Iron | ≥8.7 mg/day | 1 | 45/50 | <8.7 mg/day | 0 | 5/50 | |||
| Sodium | <2.4 g/day | 1 | 39/50 | ≥2.4 g/day | 0 | 11/50 | |||
| Magnesium | M = ≥300 mg/day F = ≥270 mg/day | 1 | 40/50 | M = <300 mg/day F = <270 mg/day | 0 | 10/50 | |||
| Vitamin K | >109 µg/day | 1 | 7/50 | <109 µg/day | 0 | 43/50 | |||
| Phosphorus | ≥550 mg | 1 | 50/50 | <550 mg | 0 | 0/50 | |||
| Copper | ≥1.2 mg/day | 1 | 36/50 | <1.2 mg/day | 0 | 14/50 | |||
| Oligosaccharide | ≥8 g/day | 1 | 1/50 | <8 g/day | 0 | 49/50 | |||
| Bone Scoring | |||||||||
| Calcium | ≥700 mg/day | 1 | 45/50 | <700 mg/day | 0 | 5/50 | |||
| Vitamin D | ≥10 µg/day | 2 | 4/50 | <10 µg/day | 0 | 46/50 | |||
| Vitamin C | ≥40 µg/day | 1 | 47/50 | <40 µg/day | 0 | 3/50 | |||
| Protein Intake | ≥1.2 g/day | 2 | 25/50 | 0.8–1.19 g/day | 1 | 23/50 | <0.8 g/day | 0 | 2/50 |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acid | ≥1.6 g/day | 2 | 16/50 | <1.6 g/day | 0 | 34/50 | |||
| Vitamin K | ≥109 µg/day | 1 | 7/50 | <109 µg/day | 0 | 43/50 | |||
| Oligosaccharide | ≥8 g/day | 1 | 1/50 | <8 g/day | 0 | 49/50 | |||
| Zinc | M = ≥9.5 mg/day F = ≥7 mg/day | 1 | 42/50 | M = <9.5 mg/day F = <7 mg/day | 0 | 8/50 | |||
| Magnesium | M = ≥300 mg/day F = ≥270 mg/day | 1 | 40/50 | M = <300 mg/day F = <270 mg/day | 0 | 10/50 | |||
| Phosphorus | ≥550 mg | 1 | 50/50 | <550 mg | 0 | 0/50 | |||
Note: Dietary reference values are composed from both UK and US guidelines [40,41,70]. Bold participant values denote the number of participants that achieved or were below the recommended daily intake for the named nutrient. Abbreviations: CDI, corrected daily intake; DI, daily intake; F, female; M, male.