Table 2.
Recent studies on the protective effects of probiotics against foodborne contaminants toxicity.
| Type | References | Models | Contaminants Dosage | Supplementation Dosage | Main Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMs | [142,143] | Rats | Cd | CdCl2 at 70 ppm, the mixture of L. acidophilus Rosell-52, L. rhamnosus Rosell-11 and B. longum Rosell-175 (5 × 108 CFU/g food) for 5 weeks | Marked decrease genotoxicity and the toxicity to lactobacilli, promoted Cd excretion in feces; decreased Cd in body; relieved liver and kidney damage, increased the number of L. acidophilus in feces |
| [144] | Rats | Hg | A total of 0.5 mL HgCl2 at 20 μg/mL and 1ml B. coagulans and L. plantarum CNR273 (109 CFU/mL) daily for 48 days | Marked increase Hg excretion in feces; reduce Hg levels in liver and kidney; prevent oxidative stress; reduce liver and kidney damage; increase the number of fecal LAB and the total bacteria counts | |
| [145] | Mice | Pb | A total of 2 mg (CH3COO)2Pb·3H2O in 0.4 mL plain water, L. bulgaricus KLDS1.0207 1 × 1010 (high dose), 1 × 109 (medial dose) and 1 × 108 (low dose) CFU/mL in 0.4 mL skim milk | Lower mortality rates, increased Pb excretion in feces, decreased tissue Pb enrichment, improved the antioxidant in the liver and kidney, and relieved renal pathological damage | |
| [101] | Rats | As | NaAsO2 at 1.0 mg/100 g body weight, the mixture of L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. longum, and S. boulardii at 0.25 mg/100 g body weight for 16 days | Reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation in uterine, protection against mutagenic uterine DNA-breakage, necrosis, ovarian-uterine tissue damages | |
| [29] | Mice | Cr (VI) | A total of 1mM K2Cr2O7 in drinking water, L. plantarum TW1-1 (1 × 109 CFU/once every other day) for 7 weeks | Promoted Cr excretion in feces, reduced Cr accumulation in tissues; decreased oxidative stress and damage in liver; partially restored the GM community | |
| Pesticides | [107] | Rats | Endosulfan | Endosulfan at 4 mg/kg bodyweight from the 6th to 20th day of gestation, L. plantarum BJ0021 0.1 mL per os and one hour before the administration endosulfan | Significantly reduced the cholesterol level and marked depletion of hepatic enzymes, decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei in kidney |
| [20] | Caenorhabditis elegans | Malathion | Exposure to malathion at 300 mM for 4 h at 20 °C after administration L. casei liquid cultures of 0.1 OD at 600 nm for 4 h | Reproduction protection with increase of rate of egg laying and brood size, and rescued locomotion of C. elegans | |
| [21] | Drosophila melanogaster | Chloropyrifos parathion | Co-exposure 10 μM chloropyrifos parathion and 100 μL L. rhamnosus GG (109 CFU) for 12 days | Prolonged overall survival and decreased early deaths | |
| ABs | [81] | Mice | Different ABs | Ampicillin, Streptomycin, and Clindamycin at 1 mg/mL, A cocktails of L. rhamnosus A191, L. acidophilus, B. breve, B. longum (4 × 109/mL) at 0.1 mL/mouse for 2 weeks | Lead a rise in microbial diversity; small increase in Firmicutes, increase in Enterobacteriaceae, and a bloom of Anaerotruncus, decrease in Xanthamonas |
| [121] | Fish | Streptomycin sulfate | A total of 200 g/mL of streptomycin sulfate daily for 13 days, 1 × 105 CFU/mL P. inhibens S4Sm and B. pumilus RI06-95Sm daily for 5 days following ABs treatment | Probiotics can colonize fish microbiome, decrease mortality in fish with subtle GM changes | |
| [122] | Mice | Ampicillin | Ampicillin (500 mg/kg) twice-daily for 14 days, a cocktail of L. plantarum, L. casei, L. rhamnosus and L. helveticus (2 × 109 CFU/0.2 mL/dose) for 4 weeks | Restore diversity of GM, decrease Firmicutes, reduce Desulfovibrionales, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Clostridia and Helicobacter, enrich Akkermansia, Alistipes and Porphyromonadaceae |