Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by islet autoantibody status
| Autoantibody Negative | Any Autoantibody Positive | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 191 | 13 | |
| Age, years | 59 [56–64] | 62 [59–63] | 0.271 |
| Women | 95 (49.7) | 8 (61.5) | 0.568 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.129 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 129 (67.5) | 6 (46.2) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 51 (26.7) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Other | 11 (5.8) | 2 (15.4) | |
| Weight, kg | 101 [90–115] | 113 [102–120] | 0.146 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.8 [31.5–39.3] | 39.8 [33.7–42.8] | 0.149 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.8 [6.3–7.8] | 7.2 [6.9–7.7] | 0.178 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 51 [45–62] | 55 [52–61] | 0.178 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 137 [117–166] | 141 [132–178] | 0.383 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 5 [2–10] | 6 [2–11] | 0.825 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis, years | 54 [48–58] | 54 [51–58] | 0.512 |
| Family history of diabetes | 124 (64.9) | 8 (61.5) | 0.773 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 180 (94.2) | 12 (92.3) | 0.557 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 116 [106–126] | 117 [101–125] | 0.553 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 133 [122–140] | 131 [115–133] | 0.103 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74 [68–81] | 70 [62–76] | 0.099 |
| Antihypertensive use | 147 (77.0) | 10 (76.9) | 1.000 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.69 [4.20–5.44] | 4.92 [4.64–5.57] | 0.192 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.09 [0.91–1.32] | 1.27 [1.09–1.63] | 0.034 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.75 [2.33–3.44] | 3.08 [2.49–3.52] | 0.430 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 3.24 [2.43–4.87] | 2.54 [1.79–4.82] | 0.194 |
| Lipid lowering drug use | 103 (54.5) | 7 (53.9) | 1.000 |
| Estimated GFR | 89 [75–100] | 94 [69–96] | 0.542 |
| Albuminuria | 27 (14.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.697 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 27 (14.1) | 2 (15.4) | 1.000 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 9 (4.7) | 2 (15.4) | 0.149 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 29 (15.2) | 3 (23.1) | 0.434 |
| Antihyperglycemic treatment intensity | 0.248 | ||
| 0 antihyperglycemics | 29 (15.2) | 1 (7.7) | |
| 1 non-insulin antihyperglycemic | 71 (37.2) | 7 (53.9) | |
| 2 non-insulin antihyperglycemics | 43 (22.5) | 1 (7.7) | |
| ≥3 non-insulin antihyperglycemics | 20 (10.5) | 0 | |
| Insulin | 28 (14.7) | 4 (30.8) | |
| Insulin is only antihyperglycemic | 9 (4.7) | 2 (15.4) | 0.149 |
| Metformin use | 112 (59.6) | 7 (53.9) | 0.773 |
| Sulfonylurea use | 79 (41.8) | 2 (15.4) | 0.080 |
| Thiazolidinedione use | 61 (32.3) | 4 (30.7) | 1.000 |
| Randomized to ILI arm | 98 (51.3) | 7 (53.9) | 1.000 |
Data expressed as n (%) or median [IQR].
Abbreviations: ILI, Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.
a
Rank-sum test for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.