Figure 2. Neurodegenerative disease and change in cognitive domains (A) AD pathology, (B) Lewy bodies, (C) TDP-43 pathology, and (D) hippocampal sclerosis.

The association of markers of neurodegenerative disease with change in different cognitive domains as a function of years before death, from time-varying effect models adjusted for age at death, education, sex, AD pathology, gross infarcts, microinfarcts, TDP-43 pathology, hippocampal sclerosis, Lewy bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, atherosclerosis, and arteriolar sclerosis. The black dotted lines show the initial cognitive-pathologic association and the red dotted lines (with blue shading indicating the 95% confidence intervals) show change in the cognitive-pathologic associations as a function of years before death. AD = Alzheimer disease; TDP-43 = transactive response DNA-binding protein 43.