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. 2019 Mar 1;19:e4.

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s)

This is an open-access article whereby the authors retain copyright of the work. The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The effect of SCFAs (butyrate and propionate) on mRNA expression of α-SMA (a), collagen III (b), collagen I (c), and TGF-β1 (d) in HDFs. HDFs were exposed for 24 hours to each SCFA at the indicated concentrations. Data from 3 independent experiments were used to calculate mean values and SEMs. **P < .01 as compared with control cultures (Tukey-Kramer post hoc test). SCFA indicates short-chain fatty acid; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1; and HDF, human dermal fibroblast.