S1PR3 suppresses the Hippo pathway in OS cells. a. A heat map showing the expression of the YAP target genes across MNNG-HOS NC samples and S1PR3 knockdown with shRNA samples. b and c. Relative mRNA levels of YAP target genes (CTGF and CYR61) in S1PR3-knockdown or sh-Control MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells. Values are means ± SD, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test). d and e. Immunofluorescence of YAP in sh-Control and sh-S1PR3 MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells. YAP is shown by red fluorescence, and the cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue fluorescence), Scale bars = 100 μm. f. Analysis of the percentage of cells with predominantly nuclear YAP. n = 5 randomly chosen fields. Values are means ± SD, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test). g. The level of phospho-YAP and total-YAP in sh-Control versus sh-S1PR3 MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)