Targeting S1PR3 combined with methotrexate suppresses the growth of OS cells in vitro and in vivo. a. Colony formation assays using MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells treat with DMSO, TY52156 (10 μM), methotrexate (MTX) (1 μM) or combination of TY52156 and MTX. Representative photographs of the colony formation assay were shown in the left panel. Scale bars = 5 mm. Values are means ± SD, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test). b and c. Cell apoptosis assay using MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells treat with DMSO, TY52156 (10 μM), methotrexate (MTX) (1 μM) or combination of TY52156 and MTX. Representative images of apoptosis assay were shown in the left panel. Values are means ± SD, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test). d. Subcutaneous xenografts transplanted with MNNG-HOS cells treat with 0.9% NaCl, TY52156 (3 mg/kg), methotrexate (MTX) (5 mg/kg) or combination of TY52156 and MTX every 4 days. e. Tumor volumes were measured with calipers every 4 days. n = 5, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test). f. Tumor weights in 20 day were measured in each group. The median, upper and lower quartiles were plotted, and the whiskers that extend from each box indicate the range values that were outside of the intra-quartile range. n = 5, *p < .05, **p < .01 (Student's t-test). g. Tumor volumes in 20 day were measured in each group. The median, upper and lower quartiles were plotted, and the whiskers that extend from each box indicate the range values that were outside of the intra-quartile range. n = 5, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (Student's t-test).