Ergosterol inhibited the proliferation of renal mesangial cells. (A) Rat glomerular mesangial cells (RMCs) were co-treated with and without ergosterol (10 or 20 μM) under normal glucose conditions (5.6 mM glucose) for 48 h. Cell proliferation was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (B) RMCs were co-treated with and without ergosterol (10 or 20 μM) under high glucose conditions (30 mM glucose) for 48 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. (C,D) Western blot analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in cultured RMCs (Data are presented as the means ± SD, triplicate) and renal parenchyma (data are presented as the means ± SD, n = 3). NC: normal control; DN: diabetic nephropathy model induced by STZ; ERG: ergosterol administration. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with normal glucose or normal control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 compared with high glucose or diabetic nephropathy model.